Enhanced Damage Effects of Multi‐Layered Concrete Target Produced by Reactive Materials Liner

Abstract

Physical experiments were performed to investigate the enhanced lethality of reactive materials (RMs) shaped charge liner against concrete target. The results show that the shaped charge with RMs liner left a funnel shaped hole on the pure concrete target front surfaces, whereas the Cu liner just left a slender penetration hole and produced less damage in comparison. The damage events were recorded by high‐speed photography with the frame rate up to 10,000 frames/s, and the results indicate that deflagration reaction of RMs has occurred inside the target after the detonation of main charge. By comparison of damage effects between RMs and inert Cu liners, we conclude that the gaseous products of the deflagration are the main inducement of catastrophic damage. For multi‐layered concrete targets, a cavity inside the target and several cracks on the targets front surfaces were formed, and the formation mechanisms are deeply discussed in this paper. Based on the isentropic expansion and crack growth theories, the computational formula for crack length was developed, and the influences of the mass of RMs and initiation depth on crack effects are achieved.

Damage Mechanism of PTFE/Al Reactive Charge Liner Structural Parameters on a Steel Target

“…Traditional reactive materials are highly explosive and propellant (e.g., gunpowder), and can be characterized by high strength and density, and low sensitivity. They are triggered through a traditional initiation method, such as a flame, detonator, shock wave, etc., contacting the explosive reactive material to cause a self-sustaining stable transmission [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. (2) When a reactive material hits a high-speed collision target it goes through a process of shock loading and high plastic deformation; following this, the shear strain rate causes a fracture and the fluorine polymer decomposes, releasing fluorine with strong oxidation ability, activating the metal powder rapidly and causing an explosion/deflagration, and releasing a large amount of chemical energy, which has a significant heating effect [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

Design and penetration of a new W-particle/Zr-based amorphous alloy composite liner

“…In order to increase the penetration depth, they proposed shaped-charge liner structures such as variable wall thickness, double cone and spherecone combination (consisting of a cone on top and a sphere on bottom), and added a shaper [4][5][6][7]. At the same time, the researchers have tried to use W-Cu, W-Ni-Fe, W-Zn, W-Zr and other alloy liner to replace the pure metal liner [8][9][10][11]. In order to improve the aftereffect, Al thermite, Al/ Ni, Al/W, Zr-based amorphous alloy and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) energetic shaped-charge liners have been reported in the literature, these shaped-charge liners are featured by impact energy release [12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

Application of PTFE/Al Reactive Materials for Double-Layered Liner Shaped Charge

“…However, although this class of reactive material jet can form a larger hole-diameter on the target, and its deflagration reaction inside of the target will produce enhanced structural damage, its penetration depth is always lower, which makes it difficult for a reactive liner shaped charge to efficiently penetrate a thicker steel target [27,28]. This is mainly because the chemical reaction of the reactive materials occurs before the jet perforates the thick steel casing of targets, resulting in the reactive materials not entering the target and not producing enhanced behind-armor effects.…”