“…However, their poor flux pinning and the rapid decrease in critical current density (J c ) at high magnetic fields limit the practical applications of these superconductors. Chemical doping is the most commonly used method to improve the pinning strength in MgB 2 because of its efficiency and convenience [2][3][4]. So far, addition of nanodopants, including carbon containing compounds [5,6], metal particles [7,8], oxides [9,10], etc, in MgB 2 has been * Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed.…”