Enhanced conversion of biomass to furfurylamine with high productivity by tandem catalysis with sulfonated perlite and ω-transaminase whole-cell biocatalyst

Highly Efficient Chemoenzymatic Cascade Catalysis of Biomass into Furfurylamine by a Heterogeneous Shrimp Shell-Based Chemocatalyst and an ω-Transaminase Biocatalyst in Deep Eutectic Solvent–Water

“…Cultivation of CCZU-XLS160. CCZU-XLS160 cells were inoculated into Luria-Bertani broth supplemented with ampicillin (100 mg/L) on a shaker (180 rpm, 37 °C), and grown for 12 h. 36 The activated seeds were inoculated into 100 mL of terrific broth supplemented with ampicillin (100 mg/L) on a shaker (180 rpm) at 25 °C. 45 CCZU-XLS160 cells were grown until they reached an OD 600 of 0.60, and then isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside was supplemented to culture media with a final concentration of 0.20 mM.…”

“…58 Compared with chemical amination, biological amination with an ω-transaminase biocatalyst can be conducted under environmentally friendly reaction conditions. Using D-alanine (16:1 Dalanine to FAL ratio), 34 L-alanine (10:1 of L-alanine to FAL ratio), 38 or isopropylamine (3:1 isopropylamine to FAL ratio) as the amine donor, 36 FLA could be obtained in a yield of 74.0, 76.3, or 88.2% at 35 °C and pH 7.5. In these cases, high loading of expensive amine donors (alanine and isopropylamine) was supplemented into the biotransamination reaction system, but the FLA yields were still not high (<90%), accompanied by a large amount of pyruvic acid and acetone.…”

“…Chemoenzymatic cascade transformation of lignocellulose into FLA with high yield is of great interest via tandem chemocatalysis and biocatalysis reactions. 36 In ChCl:EG−water (10:90, v/v), Sn-DAT-SS, which was prepared using SS as a biobased support, was used for the production of FAL from CC, and then CC-derived FAL was biologically transformed into FLA with CCZU-XLS160 cells using inexpensive NH 4 Cl as the amine donor. In this work, biomass-derived by-products and Sn-DAT-SS had no significant inhibition effect on FLA synthesis with CCZU-XLS160 cells.…”

“…34 Transaminase is one kind of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate-dependent enzyme that reversibly catalyzes biotransamination of an amino group donor substrate to an amino group acceptor substrate, 35 which is a powerful biocatalyst for the synthesis of organic amines. 36 In recent years, ω-transaminases have emerged as a biocatalytic alternative for the synthesis of FLA and its derivatives via bioamination. 37 Using amine donor L-alanine (10 mol Lalanine/mol FAL), CV-PRSFDuet cells harboring ω-trans-aminase could catalyze the transamination of FAL into FLA with 76% yield at 35 °C and pH 7.5.…”

“…34 At an isopropylamine to FAL ratio of 3:1 (mol/mol) as the amine donor, PRSFDuet cells could biologically aminate FAL to FLA in a yield of 88.2% at 35 °C and pH 7.5. 36 However, excessive and expensive isopropylamine and alanine were used as amine donors for transforming FAL to FLA at <90% yields, which were not suitable for industrial application. In addition, the insolubility of FAL in water limits the progress of the catalytic reaction and the occurrence of side reactions to generate a series of byproducts (including levulinic acid, formic acid, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), etc.…”