Enhanced calcination temperatures of Zn0.6Ni0.2Cu0.2Fe2O4 on thermal, microstructures and magnetic properties using Co-precipitation method

Sebayang, Achmad Maulana Soehada; Sagala, Lidia Puspita Sari; Sinuhaji, Perdinan; Asri, Nining S.; Tetuko, Anggito P.; Setiadi, Eko Arief; Nurdiansyah, Lukman Faris; Ginting, Masno; Sebayang, Perdamean; Hamid, Muhammadin; Rianna, Martha

doi:10.1016/j.csite.2021.100892

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Endothermic processes occur at temperatures below 100°C. This is due to the energy generated during thermal decomposition is the oxidation reaction in Sample [21].…”

Section: Color and Odormentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of Indigofera Zollingeriana Plant-Based Ruminant Feed Using EM 4 Fermentation Method

Hamid,

Nasution,

Putriana

et al. 2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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This study aimed to produce ruminant feed pellets using Indigofera zollingeriana as the main ingredient, along with coconut pulp, rice bran, molasses, cassava, and EM 4 as additional components. The objective was to investigate the impact of optimizing animal feed pellets made from Indigofera zollingeriana and various mixed ingredients, such as rice bran, coconut pulp, cassava, molasses, and EM 4, by using the EM 4 fermentation method on the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of the animal feed pellets. The animal feed was prepared by blending Indigofera zollingeriana, coconut pulp, rice bran, and cassava in the proportion of (55.81% : 22.1% : 14.73% : 7.365%), along with molasses and EM 4 in a 1:1 ratio. The test samples were produced by weighing, pulverizing, mixing, fermenting, drying, and molding into pellets. The findings showed that the animal feed pellets made with Indigofera zollingeriana plant concentrate had physical properties that did not meet the standard values, such as specific gravity (1.96 gr/mL), porosity (8.84%), water absorption (68.76%), maturity temperature (38ºC), and solubility in water (4.36%). However, the animal feed pellets had a brownish color and a normal smell, similar to other animal feeds. In terms of mechanical properties, the values for hardness (5.002%) and brittleness (1.53%) met the standard values for animal feed pellets. Regarding chemical properties based on proximate analysis, the animal feed contained 8.22% protein, 6.78% total fat, 26.4% crude fiber, 17.4% carbohydrates, 7.50% ash content, and 33.7% moisture content. Only the ash content met the SNI 3148-2:2017 standard. Thus, the quality of these animal feed pellets needs improvement.

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“…Endothermic processes occur at temperatures below 100°C. This is due to the energy generated during thermal decomposition is the oxidation reaction in Sample [21].…”

Section: Color and Odormentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of Indigofera Zollingeriana Plant-Based Ruminant Feed Using EM 4 Fermentation Method

Hamid,

Nasution,

Putriana

et al. 2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Endothermic processes occur at temperatures below 100°C. This is due to the energy generated during thermal decomposition is the oxidation reaction in Sample [21]. Temperature test parameters are carried out with the help of a DS18B20 temperature sensor which is controlled in the morning, afternoon, and evening for 8 days until it reaches a maturity temperature in the range of 30 -40°C.…”

Section: Fermentation Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of Ruminant Feed Based on Palm Kernel Cake Using EM4 Fermentation Method

Hamid,

Nasution,

Syafrina

et al. 2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the addition of cassava as an adhesive and the use of palm kernel meal as a concentrate and the addition of other ingredients on the physical, mechanical and chemical properties of food ingredients in the form of pellets. The animal feed was made by mixing palm kernel meal, tofu dregs, rice bran, and cassava with a percentage of (68,5 : 15,75 : 5,25 : 10,5)% and mixing molasses and EM 4 in a ration 1 : 1. The test samples were made by going through the stages of weighing, chopping, mixing, fermentation, drying, and molding into pellets. The results showed that the animal feed mixture had a specific gravity of 1.70 gr/mL, porosity of 29.05%, water absorption of 72.62%, pellet hardness of 4.85%, and brittleness with 4.92%. Animal feed pellets have a brownish color and a normal smell like the smell of animal feed pellets in general. The fermentation process was carried out for 8 days until it reached a maturity temperature of 38.44°C. Based on the proximate analysis, it was found that the animal feed contained 10.50% protein, 2.30% total fat, 22.80% crude fiber, 28.50% carbohydrate, 3.00% ash content and 32.90% moisture content. This animal feed pellet with palm kernel meal concentrate and cassava adhesive can be used as an alternative to cattle feed as an energy source feed, because it has a protein content of less than 20%.

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Effect of calcination temperature on structural, magnetic, and dielectric properties of Mg0.75Zn0.25Al0.2Fe1.8O4 ferrites

Şaşmaz Kuru

2024

J Mater Sci: Mater Electron

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Based on the desire to improve material properties, the effects of temperature have begun to be investigated. It was found that for nano-sized powder materials, such as ferrites, the structural properties like crystal structure and grain size, as well as many magnetic and electrical properties depending on them, change with the calcination temperature. Considering these changes, the effect of calcination temperature on the structural, magnetic, and electrical properties of MZA ferrites (Mg0.75Zn0.25Al0.2Fe1.8O4) prepared by co-precipitation was investigated in this study. The produced MZA ferrites were calcined at three different temperatures (600, 700, and 800 °C). The X-ray diffraction results showed that the samples exhibited a cubic spinel structure. It was found that the crystal sizes (D_sch) calculated using the Debye-Scherrer equation increased with increasing calcination temperature (22.47, 33.53, and 42.53 nm). From the Williamson–Hall (W–H) plots, crystal sizes were calculated almost same as Debye–Scherrer crystal sizes. The nano-sized particles were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Elemental analysis was performed using EDX. $${\nu }_{1}$$ ν 1 and $${\nu }_{2}$$ ν 2 absorption bands and O–H and C–H vibrations were detected in the FTIR spectra. Magnetic measurements were carried out at room temperature and in the range of ± 60 kOe under the applied field. Magnetic results are explained by superparamagnetism. Dielectric measurements were performed at room temperature and a frequency range of 20 Hz to 10 MHz. The dielectric properties can be explained by Maxwell–Wagner theory. Impedance spectroscopy study revealed that the relaxation mechanism is consistent with the Cole–Cole model. In AC conductivity studies at room temperature, it was found that the sample calcined at 600 °C would be suitable for energy storage devices.

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Enhanced calcination temperatures of Zn0.6Ni0.2Cu0.2Fe2O4 on thermal, microstructures and magnetic properties using Co-precipitation method

Cited by 6 publications

References 25 publications

Synthesis and Characterization of Indigofera Zollingeriana Plant-Based Ruminant Feed Using EM 4 Fermentation Method

Synthesis and Characterization of Indigofera Zollingeriana Plant-Based Ruminant Feed Using EM 4 Fermentation Method

Synthesis and Characterization of Ruminant Feed Based on Palm Kernel Cake Using EM4 Fermentation Method

Effect of calcination temperature on structural, magnetic, and dielectric properties of Mg0.75Zn0.25Al0.2Fe1.8O4 ferrites

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