Enhanced bone regenerative properties of calcium phosphate ceramic granules in rabbit posterolateral spinal fusion through a reduction of grain size

Abstract

Osteoinductivity is a crucial factor to determine the success and efficiency of posterolateral spinal fusion (PLF) by employing calcium phosphate (Ca-P) bioceramics. In this study, three kinds of Ca-P ceramics with microscale to nanoscale gain size (BCP-control, BCP-micro and BCP-nano) were prepared and their physicochemical properties were characterized. BCP-nano had the spherical shape and nanoscale gain size, BCP-micro had the spherical shape and microscale gain size, and BCP-control (BAM®) had the irregular shape and microscale gain size. The obtained BCP-nano with specific nanotopography could well regulate in vitro protein adsorption and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3 cells. In vivo rabbit PLF procedures further confirmed that nanotopography of BCP-nano might be responsible for the stronger bone regenerative ability comparing with BCP-micro and BCP-control. Collectedly, due to nanocrystal similarity with natural bone apatite, BCP-nano has excellent efficacy in guiding bone regeneration of PLF, and holds great potentials to become an alternative to standard bone grafts for future clinical applications.

The Osteoinductivity of Calcium Phosphate-Based Biomaterials: A Tight Interaction With Bone Healing

“…Therefore, in addition to studying the effect of materials’ macroscopic properties on the osteogenic ability of MSCs/osteoblasts, more studies on the effects of CaP-NPs on these cells and the underlying mechanisms have been investigated ( Albulescu et al, 2019 ; Khotib et al, 2021 ). Particle size, shape, and concentration will have different effects on the function, viability, proliferation, and extracellular matrix of osteoblasts ( Sheikh et al, 2015 ; Li et al, 2022 ). CaP-NPs have dose-dependent effects on osteoblasts and the maximum number of nanoparticles a single osteoblast can tolerate is 50 ( Pioletti et al, 2000 ).…”

Calcium Phosphate-Based Biomaterials for Bone Repair

“…It is known that the properties of CaPs are closely related to their size, which may determine their application potential [ 42 , 160 , 161 ]. The nanoscale CaP particles used for bioceramics display improved sintering ability in ceramics preparation and prevent microcracks caused by extreme sintering temperature, owing to high surface energy [ 29 ].…”

“…For biological effects, the size of CaP materials plays a critical role in regulating osteoblast proliferation, cellular activity, apoptosis, and osteogenic differentiation [ 31 , 42 , 161 ]. And some in vitro/ vivo experiments of CaPs and their markable outcomes were displayed in Table 4 .…”

“…Li et al demonstrated that compared to CaP bioceramics fabricated by microcrystalline structures, bioceramics using nanocrystalline structures have many advantages in the form of unique surface topography, good bioactivity, excellent osteoinductivity and proper biodegradability. Accordingly, the CaP nanoceramics have significantly superior biological performance in promoting osteogenic differentiation and bone formation ( Figure 6 ) [ 161 , 178 ].…”

Calcium-phosphate ceramics in spine surgery: features of regeneration and use

“…В іншому експерименті цими ж авторами на моделі овець з використанням кісткового автотрансплантату й аналогіч- У наступному експерименті на кролях задньобоковий поперековий спондилодез проведено з біфазною КФК у вигляді гранул сферичної форми (зі співвідношенням у них ГA : β-ТКФ як 2 : 8), виготовлених як нано- чи мікроматеріал. Контрольним тваринам імплантували гранули біфазної КФК нерегулярної структури (BAM P2040) [34]. Дослідниками отримано найвищі показники регенерації за використання наноматеріалу, подібного до нанокристалів природного кісткового апатиту.…”