Enhanced and unconventional responses in chemiresistive sensing devices for nitrogen dioxide and ammonia from carboxylated alkylthiophene polymers

Wagner, John A.; Jang, Hyun‐June; Han, Jinfeng; Katz, Howard E.

doi:10.1039/d0mh00049c

Cited by 17 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…PTOH-co-P3MEEMT, PTOH-co-P5MEEMT, and PTOH-co-PT3C appear to have a slightly stronger field effect transient behavior compared to PTOH and PTOH-co-PT4C. This behavior was observed in our previous work 36 for PTCOOH, and it is possible that the proton of the hydroxyl group participates in a self-doping mechanism which may weaken the field effect transistor behavior. [51][52][53] F. PTOH and PTOH copolymer sensing response to NO 2 and NH 3 ESI † Fig.…”

Section: E Ptoh and Ptoh Copolymer Ofet Performancesupporting

confidence: 62%

“…P3HT analysis was conducted in our earlier work. 36 P3HT-co-PTOH showed increased drain current compared to P3HT-co-P3MEEMT, P3HT-co-P5MEEMT, P3HT-co-PT3C, and P3HT-co-PT4C, for which the increase in oxygen functionality decreases carrier mobility and mobile carrier concentration which results in low conductivity. This is expected, as multiple studies 19,42,43 reported lower mobility for alkoxy-substituted polythiophenes.…”

Section: B P3ht and P3ht-copolymer Ofet Performancementioning

confidence: 93%

“…Using the same approach in our last work in extracting the limit of detection (LOD), 36 P3HT-co-PTOH, P3HT-co-P3MEEMT, P3HT-co-P5MEEMT, P3HT-co-PT3C, and P3HT-co-PT4C display LOD of 270 ppb, 560 ppb, 280 ppb, 480 ppb, and 280 ppb, respectively for NO 2 exposure as shown in ESI † Fig. S40.…”

Section: P3ht and P3ht Copolymer Responses To No 2 And Nhmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our previous work, 36 the LOD was extracted as the concentration where the measurement would equal the sample blank (after stabilization) plus the standard deviation of the analyte signal at the lowest measured concentration. However, PTOH-co-PT3C is the only polymer out of the present subset that displays linear response to NO 2 exposure.…”

Section: E Ptoh and Ptoh Copolymer Ofet Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our previous work, 36 we discovered that a polymeric thiophene carboxylic acid showed a dramatic and superlinear increase in drain current (I D ) of over 15 000% to a ramped exposure of 10 ppm of NO 2 while the corresponding response by its methyl ester was roughly 600% to a ramped exposure of 10 ppm NO 2 . However, they both showed unconventional responses to NH 3 with an increase in I D to 200-300% from 10 ppm ramped NH 3 exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxygen-bearing functionalities enhancing NO₂, NH₃, and acetone electronic response and response variation by polythiophenes in organic field-effect transistor sensors

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Section: E Ptoh and Ptoh Copolymer Ofet Performancesupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: B P3ht and P3ht-copolymer Ofet Performancementioning

confidence: 93%

Section: P3ht and P3ht Copolymer Responses To No 2 And Nhmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: E Ptoh and Ptoh Copolymer Ofet Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxygen-bearing functionalities enhancing NO₂, NH₃, and acetone electronic response and response variation by polythiophenes in organic field-effect transistor sensors

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NO₂‐Affinitive Amorphous Conjugated Polymer for Field‐Effect Transistor Sensor toward Improved NO₂ Detection Capability

Chae

Han

Ahn

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Technologies

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sensors is governed significantly by the film morphology. [7][8][9] Therefore, strategic approaches to ameliorate the sensitivity of FET-based gas sensors have been centered on the morphological optimization of the OSC layer, such as increase of the diffusion or the contact area of the gas molecules and control of the OSC-dielectric interfacial properties. [10][11][12] In addition, ultrathin film and nano/micro-structured OSCs have been utilized as FET active layers, to improve the response rate of FET sensors to target analytes. [13] In particular, as crystallinity and molecular assembly of OSCs can be easily tuned by modifying the structure of the conjugated frameworks, various polymeric OSCs have been actively studied for FET-based gas sensors. [14][15][16] Although deconvoluting the individual effects of chemical structure and morphology on the detection sensitivity of FET-based gas sensors is challenging, development of effective structures that cause significant changes in carrier density through strong interaction with the analytes is inevitable to further improve the performance of such sensors.Nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) is a detrimental exhaust gas abundantly released into the atmosphere from industrial sources. It is toxic and, particularly dangerous gases because of its strong oxidizing power that makes it highly reactive. Moreover, since human respiration system can be fatally damaged when exposed to low concentrations of NO 2 in closed work-spaces, health and safety agencies strongly suggest a limit of exposure of 5 ppm of NO 2 for longer than 15 min. [17] Therefore, the precise, sensitive, and efficient detection of NO 2 is of the outmost importance for human health and disease prevention. In FET-based NO 2 sensors typically utilizing a p-type OSC as an active layer, the detection and sensitivity mechanisms generally follow hole carrier generation via charge transfer interaction with electron-accepting NO 2 . [18,19] This implies that the electron-donating properties of the p-type OSC are interconnected with the NO 2 detection ability of the FET sensors. The OSC with higher electron-donating ability would be beneficial to improve the detection sensitivity to NO 2 . In this contribution, three conjugated polymers (CPs, polymeric OSCs) are designed, which share the same indolocarbazole-based conjugated framework considered as known to a good electron donor. [20] In addition, to compare the effect of the morphology on NO 2 detection, different side chains were used to modulate Three conjugated polymers (CPs) containing indolocarbazole-based similar conjugated frameworks are designed to investigate the NO 2 detection capability of field-effect transistor (FET) sensors. The partly linear aliphatic side chain strengthens the crystallization tendency of the CPs, but the crystallinity is critically degraded when introducing an ethylene oxide (EO)modified side chain to the same conjugated framework. Although the highly crystalline morphology of the CP helps to achieve high hole mobility, the NO 2 response rate...

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The combined influence of polythiophene side chains and electrolyte anions on organic electrochemical transistors

Wagner

Song

Lee

et al. 2021

Electrochemical Science Adv

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Polythiophenes with differently functionalized side chains (alkyl, oligoethylene oxide, ester, hydroxy, and carboxylic acid) and varied counter ions of potassium salt electrolytes were investigated in organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs). In addition, mixed blends were investigated to evaluate any synergistic effects between functionalities. Depending on the functional moiety attached, a large shift to lower potentials of V th , an increase in drain current, and an increase in transconductance can be observed compared to the base combination of alkyl side chain and Cl − . The newly designed and synthesized hydroxy polymer displayed stability to large shifts in V TH , a slight increase in drain current, and little or no increase in transconductance when an ionic radius of the dopant is increased until a much larger anion, large polarizability, and low hydration number such as TSFI − was used. The acid-functionalized polymer, on the other hand, had the same magnitude in shift with respect to any anion that is larger than Cl − . The polymers were characterized by spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, and cyclic voltammetry. This work demonstrates that side-chain engineering can result in substantial differences in the level of interaction in the electrolyte that would require tailoring the ion for specific polymer interactions.

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Enhanced and unconventional responses in chemiresistive sensing devices for nitrogen dioxide and ammonia from carboxylated alkylthiophene polymers

Abstract: A carboxylated thiophene polymer-based chemiresistive device in a field-effect transistor (FET) configuration with unusual and enhanced responses to the widespread pollutants nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ammonia (NH3) is described.

Cited by 17 publications

References 70 publications

Oxygen-bearing functionalities enhancing NO₂, NH₃, and acetone electronic response and response variation by polythiophenes in organic field-effect transistor sensors

Oxygen-bearing functionalities enhancing NO₂, NH₃, and acetone electronic response and response variation by polythiophenes in organic field-effect transistor sensors

NO₂‐Affinitive Amorphous Conjugated Polymer for Field‐Effect Transistor Sensor toward Improved NO₂ Detection Capability

The combined influence of polythiophene side chains and electrolyte anions on organic electrochemical transistors

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Enhanced and unconventional responses in chemiresistive sensing devices for nitrogen dioxide and ammonia from carboxylated alkylthiophene polymers

Abstract: A carboxylated thiophene polymer-based chemiresistive device in a field-effect transistor (FET) configuration with unusual and enhanced responses to the widespread pollutants nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ammonia (NH3) is described.

Cited by 17 publications

References 70 publications

Oxygen-bearing functionalities enhancing NO2, NH3, and acetone electronic response and response variation by polythiophenes in organic field-effect transistor sensors

Oxygen-bearing functionalities enhancing NO2, NH3, and acetone electronic response and response variation by polythiophenes in organic field-effect transistor sensors

NO2‐Affinitive Amorphous Conjugated Polymer for Field‐Effect Transistor Sensor toward Improved NO2 Detection Capability

The combined influence of polythiophene side chains and electrolyte anions on organic electrochemical transistors

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Product

Resources

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Oxygen-bearing functionalities enhancing NO₂, NH₃, and acetone electronic response and response variation by polythiophenes in organic field-effect transistor sensors

Oxygen-bearing functionalities enhancing NO₂, NH₃, and acetone electronic response and response variation by polythiophenes in organic field-effect transistor sensors

NO₂‐Affinitive Amorphous Conjugated Polymer for Field‐Effect Transistor Sensor toward Improved NO₂ Detection Capability