“…In recent years, many types of shape memory polymers (SMPs) containing lms, foams, bers, hydrogels, and fabrics, have been reported, which can respond to various external stimuli such as heat, electricity, light, chemical solvent and pH. [27][28][29][30][31][32][33] In most cases, shape recovery and xity effects, which include recovery time, ratio, force, and xity ratio, were mainly studied to estimate primary performance of those SMPs. However, in terms of the evaluation for their practical applications, little relevant work has been performed except for limited applications, such as so actuators, functional textures, and medical applications.…”