Engineering the spatial confinement of exciton polaritons in semiconductors

Kaitouni, R. Idrissi; Daïf, Ounsi El; Baas, Augustin; Richard, Maxime; Paraïso, Taofiq K.; Lugan, Pierre; Guillet, Thierry; Morier‐Genoud, F.; Ganière, Jean‐Daniel; Staehli, J. L.; Savona, Vincenzo; Deveaud, B.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.74.155311

Cited by 149 publications

(131 citation statements)

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“…The key advantages are the direct optical access to the polariton field (in both real and momentum spaces), the absence of a trapping potential and operation at cryogenic temperature (and possibly even at room temperature in state-of-the-art nitride-based microcavities 37 ). The ability to control polariton properties opens the way to subsequent breakthrough experiments, such as the scattering of a wave packet on engineered obstacles of different sizes and shapes 38,39 , which would provide the possibility to address the quantum counterpart of Bénard-Von Kármán vortex streets and fully turbulent regimes 7 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrodynamic nucleation of quantized vortex pairs in a polariton quantum fluid

et al. 2011

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Quantized vortices appear in quantum gases at the breakdown of superfluidity. In liquid helium and cold atomic gases, they have been indentified as the quantum counterpart of turbulence in classical fluids. In the solid state, composite light-matter bosons known as exciton polaritons have enabled studies of non-equilibrium quantum gases and superfluidity. However, there has been no experimental evidence of hydrodynamic nucleation of polariton vortices so far. Here we report the experimental study of a polariton fluid flowing past an obstacle and the observation of nucleation of quantized vortex pairs in the wake of the obstacle. We image the nucleation mechanism and track the motion of the vortices along the flow. The nucleation conditions are established in terms of local fluid density and velocity measured on the obstacle perimeter. The experimental results are successfully reproduced by numerical simulations based on the resolution of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation.H ydrodynamic instabilities in classical fluids were studied in the pioneering experiments of Bénard in the 1910's. Convective Bénard-Rayleigh flows and Bénard-Von Kár-mán streets are now well known examples in nonlinear and chaos sciences 1 . In conventional fluids, the flow around an obstacle is characterized by the dimensionless Reynolds number Re = vR/ν, with v and ν the fluid velocity and dynamical viscosity, respectively, and R the diameter of the obstacle. When increasing the Reynolds number, laminar flow, stationary vortices, Bénard-Von Kármán streets of moving vortices and fully turbulent regimes are successively observed in the wake of the obstacle 1 .In quantum fluids, such as liquid helium or atomic BoseEinstein condensates, quantum turbulence has long been predicted to appear at the breakdown of superfluidity 2-8 . In superfluid systems, the Reynolds number cannot be defined owing to the absence of viscosity. However, quantum turbulence, in the form of quantized vortices, appears simultaneously with dissipation and drag on the obstacle once a critical velocity is exceeded. This critical velocity is predicted to be lower than the Landau criterion for superfluidity far from the obstacle, because of a local increase of the fluid velocity in the vicinity of the impenetrable obstacle 2,4,5 .Experimental evidence has been given for the appearance of a drag force or heat above some critical velocity in superfluid helium 5 and atomic Bose-Einstein condensates 9,10 . In stirred atomic gases, vortex lattices appear above a critical stirring frequency 11-13 , analogously to the rotating bucket experiments originally performed with superfluid helium 14 . Irregular vortex tangle patterns were also observed under an external oscillating perturbation, indicating the presence of turbulence in the atomic cloud 15 . Finally, vortex nucleation has been reported in the wake of a blue-detuned laser moving above a critical velocity through the condensate 16,17 . However, no experiment has yet allowed the imaging of the hydrodynamic nucleation mechanism with ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrodynamic nucleation of quantized vortex pairs in a polariton quantum fluid

et al. 2011

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“…We consider the system of a semiconductor micropillar [44,45,46] with a double quantum well embedded in the antinode of the optical resonator [ Fig. 1(a)].…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable single-photon emission from dipolaritons

2014

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Abstract. We study a system comprising of a double quantum well embedded in a micropillar optical cavity, where strong coupling between a direct exciton, indirect exciton, and cavity photon is achieved. We show that the resulting hybrid quasiparticles -dipolaritons -can induce strong photon correlations and lead to anti-bunched behaviour of the cavity output field. The origin of the observed single photon emission is attributed to unconventional photon blockade. Moreover, we find that the second-order equal time correlation function g (2) (0) can be tuned over a large range using an electric field applied to the structure, or changing the frequency of the pump. This allows for an on-the-flight control of cavity output properties, and is important for the future generation of tunable single photon emission sources.

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“…We also observe the expected blueshift of the polariton ground state (that centered around k k ¼ 0) for increasing lateral confinement of the polaritonic mode within the micropillars. 7 This blueshift reaches 4.2 meV for the (smallest) micropillar diameter of 1.5 lm. The strong coupling regime is thus unambiguously conserved in these micropillars since the bare confined cavity mode is more than 25 meV above the polariton ground state in the planar microcavity.…”

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confidence: 95%