Engineering of radiolabeled iron oxide nanoparticles for dual‐modality imaging

Abstract

Over the last decade, radiolabeled iron oxide nanoparticles have been developed as promising contrast agents for dual-modality positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) or single-photon emission computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (SPECT/MRI). The combination of PET (or SPECT) with MRI can offer synergistic advantages for non-invasive, sensitive, high-resolution, and quantitative imaging, which is suitable for early detection of various diseases such as cancer. Here, we summarize the recent advances on radiolabeled iron oxide nanoparticles for dual-modality imaging, through the use of a variety of PET (and SPECT) isotopes by using both chelator-based and chelator-free radiolabeling techniques.

Radiolabeled inorganic nanoparticles for positron emission tomography imaging of cancer: an overview

“…6 Some typical examples of using the inherent properties of inorganic nanoparticles for imaging include fluorescent emissions from quantum dots, 14 use of superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (SPIONs) as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents, etc. 15, 16 Alternatively, a suitable dye could be incorporated in the functionalized nanoparticles (such as silica nanoparticles) for PET/optical dual modality imaging. 17 When the nanoparticle is intended to be used for PET image guided drug delivery, it is prudent to choose a nanoplatform that ensures precise targeting, accurate dose delivery, and minimal toxicity in order to achieve maximal therapeutic efficacy.…”

Nanoparticles and radiotracers: advances toward radionanomedicine

“…39 An analogous method for radiolabeling the clinically approved IONP Feraheme, coined heat-induced radiolabeling (HIR) by the authors, was demonstrated and may be a route for radiolabeling other metal oxide NPs with oxophilic tracers. 38 Omitting the IONP core, chelator free loading of 89 Zr was also observed using various molecular weight dextran NPs for PET/CT imaging of lymph node drainage as well as Cerenkov-guided tumor resection. 61 89 Zr was also loaded into highdensity liposome (HDL) for the tracking of tumorassociated macrophages (TAMs) in a murine breast cancer model.…”

“…In another example, a ScFv anti-MET antibody fragment was dimerized to produce a cys-diabody and site specifically radiolabeled with 89 Zr using a DFO maleimide chelator. The anti-MET cys-diabody was rapidly screened from a phage display library to target nonsmall lung cell carcinoma, and other cancers that overexpress MET.…”

Positron emission tomography and nanotechnology: A dynamic duo for cancer theranostics

“…[239] Traditional approach involving chelating agents such as DOTA [240–243], NOTA [204, 244, 245], DTPA [246] and bis(dithiocarbamatebisphosphonate) (DTCPB) [247, 248] for 64 Cu and 68 Ga, and DFO for 89 Zr [249] has been reported in an array of differently designed and surface-functionalized SPIONs. For example, Thorek and coworkers reported a simple 89 Zr-labeled version of clinically relevant ferumoxytol with excellent toxicity and clearance profile, for high resolution investigation of lymphatic drainage in murine cancer models.…”