Engineering Metal–Organic Framework Catalysts for C−C and C−X Coupling Reactions: Advances in Reticular Approaches from 2014–2018

Abstract

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are ac lass of crystalline porousm aterials that have been activelyu sed for several industrial and synthetica pplications.M OFs are spatially and geometrically extrapolatedc oordination polymers with intriguing properties such as tunable porosity and dimensionality.Int erms of their catalytic efficiency,MOFs combine the easy recoverability of heterogeneous catalysts with the increased selectivity of biological catalysts. It is therefore not surprising that alot of work on optimizing MOF catalysts for organic transformationsh as been carriedo ut over the past decade. In this review,recent developments in MOF catalysis are summarized, with special attention being paid to CÀC, CÀN, and CÀOc oupling reactions. The influence of pore size, pore environment, and load on catalytic activity is described. Post-synthetics tabilization techniques and hostguest interactions in caged MOF scaffolds are detailed. Mechanistic aspects pertaining to the use of MOFs in asymmetric heterogeneousc atalysis are highlighted and categorized.

Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2-f]phenanthridines by Recyclable Magnetic MOF-Catalyzed Coupling and Cyclization of 2-(2-Bromoaryl)imidazoles with Cyclohexane-1,3-diones Followed by Aromatization

“…Although the exact nature of the present reaction is still obscure, the plausible pathway seems to proceed via an initial MOF-199-catalyzed Ullmann-type C–C coupling between 1 and 2 , followed by cyclocondensation. 9 , 15 We confirmed in a separate experiment that MOF-199 exhibited a similar catalytic activity like Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @MOF-199. Treatment of 1a with 2a in the presence of MOF-199 under the conditions shown in entry 2 of Table 1 afforded 3a in 92% yield.…”

Blood Pressure Sensors: Materials, Fabrication Methods, Performance Evaluations and Future Perspectives

“…MOF materials are a class of chemical compounds consisting of metal ions or clusters coordinated to organic ligands to form one-dimensional structure, or two or three-dimensional structures [310] with the capability to form ultrahigh porous materials [311], with up to 90% free volume, and a huge internal surface area extending 6000 m 2 /g [312] Although most of the MOF materials are generally associated with a lack of electrical conductivity [313], a few have been reported as electronic conductors [313,314]. MOF materials have been thoroughly studied for major interests such as heterogeneous catalysis and biomedical applications [315,316].…”

Copper nanoparticle anchored biguanidine-modified Zr-UiO-66 MOFs: a competent heterogeneous and reusable nanocatalyst in Buchwald–Hartwig and Ullmann type coupling reactions

“…[21][22][23][24] The biguanidine functionality, which is sites. [25][26][27][28][29] Being encouraged by this and also in continuation to our ongoing endeavors on the development and synthetic utilizations of architectured heterogeneous nanocatalysts, [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] we report the catalytic application of UiO-66-biguanidine/Cu in efficient C-N and C-O heterocoupling reactions (Scheme 1). These coupled products, especially those involving heterocycles, nd extensive applications as important drugs and medicines, materials and also in biology.…”