Engineering donor–acceptor conjugated polymers for high-performance and fast-response organic electrochemical transistors

Jia, Hanyu; Huang, Zhen; Li, Peiyun; Song, Zhanqian; Wang, Yunfei; Wang, Jie Yu; Gu, Xiaodan; Lei, Ting

doi:10.1039/d1tc00440a

Cited by 66 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…47 Contrary to what we mentioned above, Giovannitti and co-workers emphasized that polymers with large IPs can shift the operational voltages of OECTs to avoid oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) occurring in ambient conditions. They demonstrated that p(gPyDPP-2MeOT) (IP = 5.0 eV) did not undergo ORR in ambient 36 and Lei et al 39 DPP-based high-performance OECTs separately almost at the same time (Figure 6E). Although the backbone structure is the same, they get different results and conclusions.…”

Section: The Third-generation Semiconducting Polymers For Oectsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…However, the molecular weight of D-A polymers is limited when grafted with EG side chain. 37,38 Recently, Lei et al optimized the catalyst and solvent in Stille polymerization 39 and found that Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 /Pd(PPh 3 ) 2 Cl 2 and N,N-dimethylformamide/chlorobenzene 1:1 mixture can provide significantly higher molecular weights, which can solve the low-molecular weight issue for ethylene glycol (EG) side chain polymers.…”

Section: Materials Type and Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…65 (E) DPP-based polymers. 36,39,66,67 DPP, diketopyrrolopyrrolep; IID, Isoindigo; OECTs, organic electrochemical transistors; PyDPP, pyridine-flanked DPP troublesome. The lack of n-type polymers whose performances can be comparable to p-type restricts the development of complementary logic circuits, which are the basis of flexible electronics.…”

Section: The Third-generation Semiconducting Polymers For Oectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular design strategies for high‐performance organic electrochemical transistors

Lei

2021

Journal of Polymer Science

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Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) utilize ion flow from the electrolyte to modulate the electrical conductivity of the whole bulk organic semiconductor channel. With the characteristic of mixed ionic-electronic conducting in the entire volume, OECTs exhibit high transconductance and act as good transducers, particularly in bioelectronics. To gain high-performance OECTs, developing novel high-performance polymeric semiconductors is important. In this article, operation principles, performance evaluations, and polymerization methods are first discussed. We then analyze the molecular design strategies for high-performance OECT materials and highlight the characteristics and effects of backbone design and side chain engineering. Finally, we discuss some neglected and unsolved issues and provide an outlook for the OECTs research and development.

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Section: The Third-generation Semiconducting Polymers For Oectsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Materials Type and Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Third-generation Semiconducting Polymers For Oectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular design strategies for high‐performance organic electrochemical transistors

Lei

2021

Journal of Polymer Science

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“…McCulloch et al have recently reported three donor-acceptor (D-A) type glycolated TDPPs and highlighted the relationship between the polaron delocalization and the OECT mobility. One of these DPP polymers had a high mC* of about 300 F cm À1 V À1 s À1 but a high threshold voltage of 0.52 V. [37][38][39][40][41] Thienylenevinylene (TVT) and thiophene-benzothiadiazole-thiophene (TBTT) are two popular electron-donating units used to form D-A type polymers with high charge-carrier mobilities in OFETs. [42][43][44] Incorporating the highly p-extended TVT and TBTT units in the main chain with DPP promotes intermolecular p-p stacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of the donor moiety of DPP based polymers on the performance of organic electrochemical transistors

et al. 2021

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“…H and19 F NMR, as well as MALDI-ToF analysis (FiguresS23-S28).Solution state UV/Vis spectra in CHCl 3 (FiguresS29-32) of PgBT(F)2gT and PgBT-(F)2gTT revealed evidence of aggregation. Both polymers exhibited a main absorption around 600 nm with a longer wavelength shoulder which dissipated at increased temperatures.…”

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confidence: 99%

Influence of Backbone Curvature on the Organic Electrochemical Transistor Performance of Glycolated Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Polymers

Ding

Kim

et al. 2021

Angew Chem Int Ed

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Two new glycolated semiconducting polymers PgBT(F)2gT and PgBT(F)2gTT of differing backbone curvatures were designed and synthesised for application as p-type accumulation mode organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) materials. Both polymers demonstrated stable and reversible oxidation, accessible within the aqueous electrochemical window, to generate polaronic charge carriers. OECTs fabricated from PgBT(F)2gT featuring a curved backbone geometry attained a higher volumetric capacitance of 170 F cm À3 . However, PgBT(F)2gTT with a linear backbone displayed overall superior OECT performance with a normalised peak transconductance of 3.00 10 4 mS cm À1 , owing to its enhanced order, expediting the charge mobility to 0.931 cm 2 V À1 s À1 . Currentdeviceresearchwithintheemergentfieldoforganicbioelectronics is centred around the organic electrochemical transistor (OECT), [1] which is recognised as a functional amplifier for biosensing [2] as well as a materials testbed device from which we can springboard to other bioelectronic functionalities. [3][4][5] Unlike organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), the modulation of charge carrying polarons/bipolarons in an OECT active material is achieved throughout the bulk of the film by gate potential induced electrochemical oxidation or reduction, giving rise to its superior volumetric capacitance. [6] The electrochemical redox switching of OECTs necessitates volumetric and stoichiometric active material counterion accessibility, raising unique challenges associated with the design of OECT active materials. [7] Earlier OECT conjugated polymers integrated ionic components either onto the sidechains (e.g. poly(6-(thiophene-3-yl)hexane-1-sulfonate); PTHS) [8] or within separate but intimately mixed domains (e.g. poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate); PEDOT:PSS), [9,10] to engender mixed ionic and electronic conductivity. Aqueous solubility was a drawback of these ionic OECT materials, requiring performance diminishing cross-linkers to be implemented into the active layer. [11,12] Thus, OECT active material designs pivoted towards the incorporation of oligomeric glycol sidechains, as these facilitate ionic diffusion without conferring aqueous solubility. [2,13,14] Several all donor thiophene-centric glycolated conjugated polymers have been reported for p-type OECT applications. [15] Recently, developments in OECT polymer designs have progressed towards donor-acceptor (D-A) conjugated backbones. [16][17][18][19] Refined energy level tuning is an important advantage of applying D-A backbones, which can be exploited to improve electrochemical/OECT stability by avoidance of undesirable redox side-reactions, [20,21] as well as to ensure OECT operation in favourable accumulation mode, where channel conductivity is negligible at resting gate potential, and grows with increased gate bias (c.f. depletion mode with vice versa operational characteristics). [22] However, these advantages have come at the cost of lower OECT transconductances than those observed for (less s...

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Engineering donor–acceptor conjugated polymers for high-performance and fast-response organic electrochemical transistors

Abstract: To date, high-performance organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are mostly based on polythiophene systems. Donor-acceptor (D-A) conjugated polymers are expected to be promising materials for OECTs owing to their high mobility...

Cited by 66 publications

References 47 publications

Molecular design strategies for high‐performance organic electrochemical transistors

Molecular design strategies for high‐performance organic electrochemical transistors

The effect of the donor moiety of DPP based polymers on the performance of organic electrochemical transistors

Influence of Backbone Curvature on the Organic Electrochemical Transistor Performance of Glycolated Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Polymers

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