Engineering DNA‐Guided Hydroxyapatite Bulk Materials with High Stiffness and Outstanding Antimicrobial Ability for Dental Inlay Applications

Abstract

However, due to the absence of long-range ordered structures in biological templates, the mechanical performance of synthetic HAP is markedly lower than that of natural bone or dentin. For example, the Young's modulus of HAP mineralized using bacterial cellulose is ≈10.9 GPa, which is significantly lower than that of human dentin (≈22.5 GPa). [11] The low mechanical stiffness and toughness of artificial HAP biomaterials limit their biomedical applications. Hence, it is important to develop novel biological templates with long-range ordering to induce high-density stacking of HAP minerals at the macroscale.DNA is an attractive template for bottom-up nanofabrication because it can be artificially synthesized and its base pair sequence can be programmed. [15][16][17][18] The multiple supramolecular interactions and molecular recognition of DNA further broaden its biomedical applications. [19][20][21][22][23][24] In particular, DNA nanotechnology is increasingly being utilized for the mineralization of inorganic materials at the nanoscale. [15,[25][26][27] Recently, Liu et al. achieved the mineralization of mechanically strong calcium phosphate (CaP) nanoparticles ranging from 10 to 100 nm using self-assembled DNA frameworks. [28] However, Programmable base pair interactions at the nanoscale make DNA an attractive scaffold for forming hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanostructures. However, engineering macroscale HAP mineralization guided by DNA molecules remains challenging. To overcome this issue, a facile strategy is developed for the fabrication of ultrastiff DNA-HAP bulk composites. The electrostatic complexation of DNA and a surfactant with a quaternary ammonium salt group enables the formation of long-range ordered scaffolds using electrospinning. The growth of 1D and 2D HAP minerals is thus realized by this DNA template at a macroscale. Remarkably, the as-prepared DNA-HAP composites exhibit an ultrahigh Young's modulus of ≈25 GPa, which is comparable to natural HAP and superior to most artificial mineralized composites. Furthermore, a new type of dental inlay with outstanding antibacterial properties is developed using the stiff DNA-HAP. The encapsulated quaternary ammonium group within the dense HAP endows the composite with long-lasting and local antibacterial activity. Therefore, this new type of super-stiff biomaterial holds great potential for oral prosthetic applications.The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202202180.

Fabrication of Bio-Based Film Comprising Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Loaded Chitosan for Wound Dressing Applications

“…It was confirmed that pores have an essential role in moisture, gases, and drug transporting through wounds and the outer environment. Moreover, the porous surface might improve the mutual equilibrium between the mechanical and biological properties [ 30 ].…”

“…In addition, in Figure 8 , the viable cells that were detected by the optical microscope were represented in the form of rod shapes with high distribution, while the dead cells were distributed with low concentration in the form of spherical shapes. In addition, the porous scaffold determined by SEM caused an increase in the cell viability value [ 30 ].…”

Preparation, applications, and challenges of functional DNA nanomaterials

“…As a vital component of teeth, natural hydroxyapatite (HAP) has great biological activity and osteoconductivity [106]. However, existing artificial HAP biomaterials suffer from low mechanical stiffness and toughness, limiting their application in the biomedical field.…”

Advancing the Utility of DNA Origami Technique through Enhanced Stability of DNA-Origami-Based Assemblies

“…Inorganic shells were grown on DNA structures by precisely controlling the coating reaction parameters via the environmental changes , (e.g., pH and solvent) and precursor concentrations. ,,− Commonly used precursors include ( N -[3-(Trimethoxy silyl)­propyl]- N , N , N -trimethylammonium chloride (TMAPS), 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES), tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), and calcium (Ca 2+ ) and magnesium (Mg 2+ ) ions. Various studies demonstrated that biomineral shells improve the mechanical properties ,, and enhance thermal , and biochemical stability , of DO-based assemblies. Furthermore, DO technology has provided new opportunities in the engineering of complex inorganic nanostructures with precise shapes and rich types of hybrid materials. − …”