Astaxanthin
has great potential commercial value in the feed, cosmetics,
and nutraceutical industries due to its strong antioxidant capacity.
In this study, the Escherichia coli strain CAR026 with completely balanced metabolic flow was selected
as the starting strain for the production of astaxanthin. The expression
of β-carotene ketolase (CrtW) and β-carotene hydroxylase
(CrtZ), which catalyze the conversion of β-carotene to astaxanthin,
was coordinated, and a bottleneck was eliminated by increasing the
copy number of crtY in CAR026. The resulting strain
Ast007 produced 21.36 mg/L and 4.6 mg/g DCW of astaxanthin in shake
flasks. In addition, the molecular chaperone genes groES-groEL were regulated to further improve the astaxanthin
yield. The best strain Gro-46 produced 26 mg/L astaxanthin with a
yield of 6.17 mg/g DCW in shake flasks and 1.18 g/L astaxanthin after
60 h of fermentation under fed-batch conditions. To the best of our
knowledge, this is the highest astaxanthin obtained using engineered E. coli to date.