Engineering Antimicrobial Metal–Phenolic Network Nanoparticles with High Biocompatibility for Wound Healing

Abstract

Antibiotic‐resistant bacteria pose a global health threat by causing persistent and recurrent microbial infections. To address this issue, antimicrobial nanoparticles (NPs) with low drug resistance but potent bactericidal effects have been developed. However, many of the developed NPs display poor biosafety and their synthesis often involves complex procedures and the antimicrobial modes of action are unclear. Herein, a simple strategy is reported for designing antimicrobial metal‒phenolic network (am‐MPN) NPs through the one‐step assembly of a seeding agent (diethyldithiocarbamate), natural polyphenols, and metal ions (e.g., Cu2+) in aqueous solution. The Cu2+‐based am‐MPN NPs display lower Cu2+ antimicrobial concentrations (by 10–1000 times) lower than most reported nanomaterials and negligible toxicity across various models, including, cells, blood, zebrafish, and mice. Multiple antimicrobial modes of the NPs have been identified, including bacterial wall disruption, reactive oxygen species production, and quinoprotein formation, with the latter being a distinct pathway identified for the antimicrobial activity of the polyphenol‐based am‐MPN NPs. The NPs exhibit excellent performance against multidrug‐resistant bacteria (e.g., methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)), efficiently inhibit and destroy bacterial biofilms, and promote the healing of MRSA‐infected skin wounds. This study provides insights on the antimicrobial properties of metal‒phenolic materials and the rational design of antimicrobial metal‒organic materials.

Multifunctional Metal–Phenolic Composites Promote Efficient Periodontitis Treatment via Antibacterial and Osteogenic Properties

“…aureus after Au@MPN and Au@MPN-BMP2 treatment (Figure g,h). This phenomenon suggested that the polyphenols of MPN increased the permeability of bacterial membranes and altered their fluidity, thereby enhancing the antibacterial effect of the nanoparticle composites. ,, …”

“…This phenomenon suggested that the polyphenols of MPN increased the permeability of bacterial membranes and altered their fluidity, thereby enhancing the antibacterial effect of the nanoparticle composites. 24,41,42 3.3. Biocompatibility and Antioxidant Capability of Au@MPN-BMP2 Nanoparticles.…”

Natural polyphenolic antibacterial bio-adhesives for infected wound healing

“…26,52 For example, antimicrobial metal-phenolic network nanoparticles have been studied for use in wound healing, which identified that there were multiple antimicrobial modes of these polyphenolic NPs, including reactive oxygen species production, bacterial wall disruption, and quinoprotein formation. 53 So, the antibacterial properties of the MTA natural bio-adhesives were verified further. Firstly, the antibacterial activity of MA, TA, and MTA bio-adhesives was studied quantitatively using S. aureus and E. coli bacterial clearance.…”

“…We believe that the mechanism of natural polyphenolic bio-adhesives mainly includes the bactericidal activity of natural extracts, as well as the multiple effects of the natural acid anhydride-polyphenol networks, including clearing the reactive oxygen species, inhibiting protein formation, and destroying bacterial structures. 53,54 Above all, the MTA natural adhesives had excellent antioxidant and antibacterial properties, which could further enhance the healing of infected wound.…”

Formation of EGCG oxidation self-assembled nanoparticles and their antioxidant activity in vitro and hepatic REDOX regulation activity in vivo

“…The self-assembly phenomenon of polyphenols with other ingredients has been reported recently. [13][14][15] Peng et al proved the existence of self-assembled submicroparticles in chrysanthemum tea infusion, wherein the polyphenols form submicroparticles with pectin. 16 Chen et al developed a metalphenolic assembly approach, which is primarily mediated by metal-phenolic complexes through coordination and hydrophobic interactions, yielding uniform and spherical nanoparticles (mostly <200 nm).…”