Engineering an Improved Acellular Nerve Graft via Optimized Chemical Processing

Polystyrene replicas of neuronal basal lamina act as excellent guides for regenerating neurites

“…the basal lamina components) remained after extraction. Similar results were also obtained by Hudson et al [27].…”

Decellularization of tissues and organs

“…However, components of the ECM are generally conserved among species and are tolerated well even by xenogeneic recipients [9][10][11][12]. ECM from a variety of tissues, including heart valves [13][14][15][16][17][18][19], blood vessels [20][21][22][23], skin [24], nerves [25,26], skeletal muscle [27], tendons [28], ligaments [29], small intestinal submucosa (SIS) [30][31][32], urinary bladder [2,33,34], and liver [35] have been studied for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. The goal of a decellularization protocol is to efficiently remove all cellular and nuclear material while minimizing any adverse effect on the composition, biological activity, and mechanical integrity of the remaining ECM.…”

“…The most commonly used ionic detergents are sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium deoxycholate and Triton X-200 [18,24,25,29,35,59,60].…”

“…There are no reports of tissue decellularization using sodium deoxycholate alone, so it is difficult to isolate its effect on the remaining ECM of a tissue. Sodium deoxycholate was also combined with several zwitterionic detergents to decellularize nerve tissue, however, it was found that only a combination of Triton X-200 with the zwitterionic detergents yielded a completely decellularized nerve ECM [25,60].…”

Reprint of: Extracellular matrix as a biological scaffold material: Structure and function

“…The ECM from which these scaffold materials are derived from a variety of tissues, including heart valves [1][2][3][4][5][6][7], blood vessels [8][9][10][11], skin [12], nerves [13,14], skeletal muscle [15], tendons [16], ligaments [17], small intestinal submucosa (SIS) [18][19][20], urinary bladder [21][22][23] and liver [24]. The mechanisms by which biological scaffold materials promote site appropriate tissue reconstruction are not well understood and there is legitimate controversy concerning the relevant importance of the composition vs. structure of these materials.…”