Engineering Active Sites of Polyaniline for AlCl₂⁺ Storage in an Aluminum‐Ion Battery

Abstract

The reversible capacity of AlCl4− intercalation/de‐intercalation in conventional cathodes of aluminum‐ion batteries (AIBs) is difficult to improve due to the large size of AlCl4− anions. Therefore, it is highly desirable to realize the intercalation/de‐intercalation of smaller Al‐based ions. Here, we fabricated polyaniline/single‐walled carbon nanotubes (PANI/SWCNTs) composite films and protonated the PANI nanorods. The protonation endows PANI with more active sites and enhanced conductivity. Hyper self‐protonated PANI (PANI(H+)) exhibits reversible AlCl2+ intercalation/de‐intercalation during the discharge/charge process. As a result, the discharge capacity of the Al/PANI(H+) battery is twice as high as that of the initial composite films. PANI(H+)@SWCNT electrodes also have a stable cycling life with only 0.003 % capacity decay per cycle over 8000 cycles. Owing to the excellent mechanical properties, PANI(H+)@SWCNT composite films can act as the electrodes of flexible AIBs.

Design Strategies for High‐Performance Aqueous Zn/Organic Batteries

“…Conductive polymers usually show high electronic conductivity due to their long p-electron conjugated system, which will contribute to their fast redox kinetics. [51] Among various conductive polymers,P ANI and polypyrrole (PPy) have been used to serve as the electrode materials of aqueous ZIBs (Figure 6). [52][53][54][55][56] They often display bipolar-type redox chemistry in aqueous ZIBs.Inthe case of Zn/PANI batteries, Zn 2+ could serve as the cation species associated with the imine-related redox reaction, while the counter anions will participate in the reaction between the =NH + -a nd -NHmoieties during charge/discharge processes.A lthough they often deliver limited specific capacity (< 200 mAh g À1 )due to their low available doping level, they usually display more stable electrochemical performance in comparison with other most previous reported cathode materials.A saresult, they were usually utilized to act as the electrodes of flexible ZIBs with various configurations.…”

Tetradiketone macrocycle for divalent aluminium ion batteries

“…The choice of materials for AIB cathodes was recently expanded to a family of organic molecules [30][31][32][33][34] because the availability of sufficient intermolecular space as a result of the weak Van der Waals intermolecular interactions can be utilised for the diffusion and storage of the bulky aluminium complex carrier ions. These internal structures are also beneficial for releasing the strain generated during repeated insertion and extraction of the bulky complex ions, thereby achieving long-term cyclability.…”

Optimized Cathode for High‐Energy Sodium‐Ion Based Dual‐Ion Full Battery with Fast Kinetics

“…It can be confirmed that the quinonoid rings are converted to benzenoid rings after the protonated procedure for PANI. [ 10 ] Meanwhile, C 1s of P‐PANI can be deconvoluted into three components at 284.5, 285.5, and 287.5 eV, ascribed to CC/CH, CN/CN, and CO/CO bonds, respectively. The existence of carbon‐oxygen components is attributed to the inevitable adsorption of oxygen, carbon dioxide, or trace water from the air (Figure 1c).…”