“…Several dyes have been used for luminescence-based oxygen sensors, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [2], quinoline, pyrenebutyricacid [3], transition metal–ligand complexes of palladium and iridium [4,5], osmium [6], rhenium [7,8], ruthenium [9,10,11,12,13,14,15], platinum [16,17], metalloporphyrins, and polypyridine complexes [18]. The luminescence 61-(p-hydroxyphenyl methano) fullerene has also been reported for oxygen sensing by covalently immobilization [19]. In applications for sensing dissolved oxygen, metal ruthenium complexes and metal porphyrin complexes are the most widely used oxygen dyes [13], because ruthenium complexes have broad absorption bands located most often in the blue region (400–480 nm) of the visible spectrum, and they also possess the advantages of moderate brightness, long phosphorescent lifetime, excellent photostability, nontoxicity, and a long Stokes-shift.…”