Engineered biomembrane-derived nanoparticles for nanoscale theranostics

Abstract

Currently, biological membrane-derived nanoparticles (NPs) have shown enormous potential as drug delivery vehicles due to their outstanding biomimetic properties. To make these NPs more adaptive to complex biological systems, some methods have been developed to modify biomembranes and endow them with more functions while preserving their inherent natures. In this review, we introduce five common approaches used for biomembrane decoration: membrane hybridization, the postinsertion method, chemical methods, metabolism engineering and gene engineering. These methods can functionalize a series of biomembranes derived from red blood cells, white blood cells, tumor cells, platelets, exosomes and so on. Biomembrane engineering could markedly facilitate the targeted drug delivery, treatment and diagnosis of cancer, inflammation, immunological diseases, bone diseases and Alzheimer's disease. It is anticipated that these membrane modification techniques will advance biomembrane-derived NPs into broader applications in the future.

Biomimetic nanoparticles for DC vaccination: a versatile approach to boost cancer immunotherapy

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Organoid and organoid extracellular vesicles for osteoporotic fractures therapy: Current status and future perspectives

“…More and more bone repair composite materials, such as hydrogels, 7 targeted bone biomaterials, 8 nanoengineered biofilms, 9 silk fibroin-based biomaterials, 10 are becoming an important direction of bone repair. Liu et al 11 designed BMP-2-initiated in vivo osteo-organoid using active biomaterials.…”

Haematopoietic cell‐derived exosomes in cancer development and therapeutics: From basic science to clinical practice

“…A bioreactor approach, a multiple donor‐pooling approach, or a single‐donor apheresis approach may be suitable for different scenarios. tExos could be collected from genetically pre‐engineered host cells or purified for downstream physicochemical decoration to facilitate targeted delivery and cancer treatment 148 . The exosome‐mediated delivery of Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complexes further endows tissue‐specific gene therapy 149,150 .…”

“…tExos could be collected from genetically pre-engineered host cells or purified for downstream physicochemical decoration to facilitate targeted delivery and cancer treatment. 148 The exosome-mediated delivery of Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complexes further endows tissue-specific gene therapy. 149,150 Experience from exosome-assisted CAR-T/NK/M therapy could further facilitate the development of personalised therapy using tissue organoid-derived exosomes.…”