“…The studies have revealed several non-random properties such as the modular architecture as a structure that is evolutionarily conserved in the nervous system (van den Heuvel et al, 2016) and provided mechanistic insights into how network structure defines system functions in both normal and pathological brains (Lynn and Bassett, 2019;van den Heuvel and Sporns, 2019;Suárez et al, 2021). While many studies have deciphered the structurefunction relationships in the nervous system in vivo (Meunier et al, 2010;Lee et al, 2016), recent advances in cell engineering technology using micropatterned proteins and microfluidic devices have enabled the use of cultured cells to study these relationships in a well-defined in vitro system (Feinerman et al, 2008;Lewandowska et al, 2015;Pan et al, 2015;Albers and Offenhäusser, 2016;Yamamoto et al, 2016bYamamoto et al, , 2018Forró et al, 2018;Nam, 2020, 2022;Takemuro et al, 2020;Duru et al, 2022;Ihle et al, 2022).…”