ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Gastroduodenal Neoplasms

Fave, Gianfranco Delle; Kwekkeboom, Dik J.; Cutsem, E. Van; Rindi, Guido; Kos–Kudła, Beata; Knigge, Ulrich; Sasano, Hironobu; Tomassetti, Paola; Salazar, Ramón; Ruszniewski, Philippe

doi:10.1159/000335595

Cited by 293 publications

(339 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…Type I gastric carcinoids are usually discovered parenthetically during gastroscopies carried out due to other reasons such as iron deficiency or dyspeptic complaints. In these patients, the overall survival ratios are somewhat better in which the disease-specific survival rate reaches 100% (7). Type I gastric carcinoid tumors are known as benign lesions and have an indolent course; however, up to 5% of patients with type I gastric carcinoids may cause metastases (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with elevated serum chromogranin A levels in patients with autoimmune gastritis

Kalkan¹,

Karakaya²,

Soykan³

2016

Turk J Gastroenterol

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with elevated serum chromogranin A levels in patients with autoimmune gastritis

Kalkan¹,

Karakaya²,

Soykan³

2016

Turk J Gastroenterol

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“…[14][15][16][17][18]20 ). Antrectomy is also an effective procedure for gastrin suppression but debatable by some authors 1 . On the other hand, surgery is clearly a therapeutical option, if feasible, for gastrin-independent type 3 neuroendocrine carcinoma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The WHO tumour classification for 2010 provided new insights into neuroendocrine neoplasms, including gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms. This classification, hormone status assessment and further aspects of the biological tumour behaviour are necessary preconditions for correct management 1 . In 2012, ENETS (the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society) introduced a new term: neuroendocrine neoplasm (NEN) as a general term for all neuroendocrine malignancies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Poorly differentiated gastric neuroendocrine carcinomas (PDEC) were classified separately from gastric type 3 in previous ENETS guidelines from 2006, but the recent classsification published in ENETS Guidelines in 2012 (ref. 1 ) includes G3 neuroendocrine carcinomas to type 3 gastric NEN.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the ENETS guidelines from 2012 (ref. 1 ), type 3 is usually G3, solitary neoplasm with higher mitotic activity Ki67 greater than 20% (ref. 10 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the stomach

Louthan¹

2014

BIOMED PAP

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Background. Gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms of type 1 and type 3 are different entities and as such require different therapeutical strategies. The aim of this study was to define and distinguish these two tumour subtypes with clearly different biological properties and patient survival. As shown, serum gastrin is an important diagnostic tool for differentiating the less malignant type 1 "hypergastrinemia non-related" tumor from malignant type 3, along with other parameters of malignant potential such as proliferation index and depth of invasion. Methods. The biological behaviour, tumour marker status, symptomatology, survival and therapeutical strategy were assessed and compared in 18 consecutive patients with type 1 and 7 with type 3 gastric neuroendocrine tumours. Results. All 18 patients with type 1 gastric carcinoids survived long-term. 17/18 patients were treated with endoscopic tumour removal. The prognosis for patients with generalized type 3 neuroendocrine neoplasms was poor, with shortterm survival. No statistically significant differences between the types were found in urine 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid concentration or serum chromogranin A concentration. Significant differences were found in serum gastrin with high levels even in localized type 1 tumors and normal levels in generalized type 3 neoplasm. Further, high neuron-specific enolase levels were found in type 3. Conclusions. Type 1 tumour should be preferably treated with endoscopic tumour removal. Recently, favourable tumoristatic effects have been reported in somatostatin analogs. Surgery is a treatment option for type 3 neuroendocrine carcinoma with normal gastrinemia. Serum gastrin is suitable for assessment of the biological properties of both neuroendocrine neoplasm types. It serves, among other factors, as a predictor of prognosis and an indicator for the selection of optimal therapeutical strategy.

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Neuroendocrine Tumours

O’Toole¹,

Tang²,

Jensen³

et al. 2017

TNM Online

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Summary Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) are complex tumours arising from many different sites and expressing a broad range of biological behaviours. Their incidence and that of bronchopulmonary NEN are rising. Recent staging and pathological classification systems aim at improving risk stratification and better categorizing NEN with respect to further therapy. Most tumours are well differentiated, but have frequently metastasized at time of diagnosis; despite this, patients often live for a relatively long time. Some tumours secrete biologically active hormones or peptides resulting in specific symptoms (or syndromes) and may require specific therapy for this, e.g., somataotatin analogue therapy. In advanced disease, a large number of treatments have been shown to be effective, including surgery, systemic chemotherapy, biotherapy (using somatostatin analogues or interferon), targeted therapies, liver‐directed strategies (liver embolization or radioembolization) and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy. Recent phase III trials have opened newer therapeutic possibilities, but strategic phase III trials testing the correct sequence of therapy are required to improve overall management in this group of patients. The multidisciplinary approach is essential in optimizing management in patients with NEN.

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ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Gastroduodenal Neoplasms

Cited by 293 publications

References 113 publications

Factors associated with elevated serum chromogranin A levels in patients with autoimmune gastritis

Factors associated with elevated serum chromogranin A levels in patients with autoimmune gastritis

Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the stomach

Neuroendocrine Tumours

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