Energy Transfer to Matter by Neutrons

Bach, R. L.; Caswell, Randall S.

doi:10.2307/3572430

Cited by 96 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…We use relativistic two-body kinematics to determine these average energies and kerma factors. However, our results agree closeley those obtained using a simple non-relativistic expression noted by Bach and Caswell [50],…”

Section: Kerma To Elastic Recoilssupporting

confidence: 80%

Evaluated cross-section libraries and kerma factors for neutrons up to 100 MeV on {sup 12}C

Chadwick¹,

Blann²,

Cox³

et al. 1995

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DIscLAlMERThis document was pwpared s an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor the UNversity of California nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, expres or implied, or aseumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference Abstract A program is being carried out at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory to develop high-energy evaluated nuclear data libraries for use in Monte Carlo simulations of cancer radiation therapy. In this report we describe evaluated cross sections and kerma factors for neutrons with incident energies up to 100 MeV on 12C; in subsequent reports we shall describe our high-energy libraries for neutrons on I4N, l60, 31P and 40Ca, as well as accelerator collimator and shielding materials. The aim of this effort is to incorporate advanced nuclear physics modeling methods, with new experimental measurements, to generate cross section libraries needed for an accurate simulation of dose deposition in fast neutron therapy.The evaluated libraries are based mainly on nuclear model calculations, benchmarked to experimental measurements where they exist. We use the GNASH code system, which includes Hauser-Feshbach, preequilibrium, and direct reaction mechanisms. The libraries tabulate elastic and nonelastic cross sections, angle-energy correlated production spectra for light ejectiles with A54, and kinetic energies given to light ejectiles and heavy recoil fragments. The major steps involved in this effort are: (1) development and validation of nuclear models for incident energies up to 100 MeV; (2) collation of experimental measurements, including new results from Louvain-la-Nueve and Los Alamos; (3) extension of the Livermore ENDL formats for representing highenergy data; (4) calculation and evaluation of nuclear data; and (5) validation of the libraries. We describe the evaluations in detail, with particu1a.r emphasis on our new high-energy modeling developments. Our evaluations agree well with experimental measurements of integrated and differential cross sections. We compare our results with the recent ENDF/B-VI cvaluatioii which extends up to 32 MeV. We also compare kerma factors resulting from our evaluated microscopic cross sections with measurements, providing an important integral benchmarking of the libraries. The evaluated libraries are described and illustrated in detail. bmJBVnON OF MIS.. Contents AbstractA program is being carried out at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory to develop high-energy evaluated nuclear data libraries for use in Monte Carlo simulations of cancer radiation therapy. In this report we describe evaluated cross sections and kerma factors for neutrons with incident energies up to 100 MeV on 12C; in subsequent reports we shall describe our high-energy libraries for neutrons on I4N, l60, 31P and 40Ca, ...

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Section: Kerma To Elastic Recoilssupporting

confidence: 80%

Evaluated cross-section libraries and kerma factors for neutrons up to 100 MeV on {sup 12}C

Chadwick¹,

Blann²,

Cox³

et al. 1995

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“…Spectra of secondary particles generated in tissue by the fast neutron beam of the MRC Hammersmith cyclotron have been kindly provided to us (Dr. John A. Dennis, private communication, 1971). Bach and Caswell (1968) and Caswell and Coyne (1972) have calculated secondary charged particle spectra generated in tissue by monoenergetic neutrons in the range 60 keV to 2 MeV and for 14 MeV neutrons, and also kindly provided us with their results (Dr. Randall S. Caswell, private communication, 1972). The neutron programs, originally developed by Ms. Rose Anne RothKrauter for the IBM mainframe (Rose Ann Krauter, "The Sigma Integration," UN-L, Lincoln, NE 1977, unpublished) have been adapted to run on the IBM PC/XT microcomputer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The response of the alanine detector after charged-particle and neutron irradiations

Waligórski

Danialy

Loh

et al. 1989

International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumenta

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“…The kerma factors for 10 keV and 50 keV neutrons from Bach and Caswell (5) are 0.096 and 0.394Â10 211 Gy cm 2 . So, if one assumes a beam with 50 % 10 keV-energy neutrons and 50 % 5-keV energy neutrons, the dose rate will be in the range of 80 -230 mGy min 21 for a 10-nA proton beam impinging on an LiF target.…”

Section: Dose Rate Of Neutron Microbeammentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Based on kerma factors from Bach and Caswell (5) , the predicted dose rates for the different diameter neutron microbeams are shown in Table 1 and also discussed in a later section.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An accelerator-based neutron microbeam system for studies of radiation effects

Randers-Pehrson

Marino

et al. 2010

Radiation Protection Dosimetry

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A novel neutron microbeam is being developed at the Radiological Research Accelerator Facility (RARAF) of Columbia University. The RARAF microbeam facility has been used for studies of radiation bystander effects in mammalian cells for many years. Now a prototype neutron microbeam is being developed that can be used for bystander effect studies. The neutron microbeam design here is based on the existing charged particle microbeam technology at the RARAF. The principle of the neutron microbeam is to use the proton beam with a micrometre-sized diameter impinging on a very thin lithium fluoride target system. From the kinematics of the 7 Li( p,n) 7 Be reaction near the threshold of 1.881 MeV, the neutron beam is confined within a narrow, forward solid angle. Calculations show that the neutron spot using a target with a 17-mm thick gold backing foil will be <20 mm in diameter for cells attached to a 3.8-mm thick propylene-bottomed cell dish in contact with the target backing. The neutron flux will roughly be 2000 per second based on the current beam setup at the RARAF singleton accelerator. The dose rate will be about 200 mGy min 21 . The principle of this neutron microbeam system has been preliminarily tested at the RARAF using a collimated proton beam. The imaging of the neutron beam was performed using novel fluorescent nuclear track detector technology based on Mg-doped luminescent aluminum oxide single crystals and confocal laser scanning fluorescent microscopy.

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Energy Transfer to Matter by Neutrons

Cited by 96 publications

References 8 publications

Evaluated cross-section libraries and kerma factors for neutrons up to 100 MeV on {sup 12}C

Evaluated cross-section libraries and kerma factors for neutrons up to 100 MeV on {sup 12}C

The response of the alanine detector after charged-particle and neutron irradiations

An accelerator-based neutron microbeam system for studies of radiation effects

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