Energy Storages as Synthetic Inertia Source in Power Systems

Szablicki, M.; Rzepka, P.; Sowa, P.; Halinka, A.

doi:10.1109/concapan.2018.8596425

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Batteries have been shown to be able to support a range of power system needs, including frequency response [11,12], voltage support [13], synthetic inertia [14,15], demand peak shaving [16] and renewable generation smoothing [17][18][19]. In addition, it has been demonstrated that batteries can reduce renewable energy curtailment [20], defer transmission and distribution upgrades [21] and provide black start services [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grid-Scale Battery Energy Storage Operation in Australian Electricity Spot and Contingency Reserve Markets

et al. 2021

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Conventional fossil-fuel-based power systems are undergoing rapid transformation via the replacement of coal-fired generation with wind and solar farms. The stochastic and intermittent nature of such renewable sources demands alternative dispatchable technology capable of meeting system stability and reliability needs. Battery energy storage can play a crucial role in enabling the high uptake of wind and solar generation. However, battery life is very sensitive to the way battery energy storage systems (BESS) are operated. In this paper, we propose a framework to analyse battery operation in the Australian National Electricity Market (NEM) electricity spot and contingency reserve markets. We investigate battery operation in different states of Australia under various operating strategies. By considering battery degradation costs within the operating strategy, BESS can generate revenue from the energy market without significantly compromising battery life. Participating in contingency markets, batteries can substantially increase their revenue with almost no impact on battery health. Finally, when battery systems are introduced into highly volatile markets (such as South Australia) more aggressive cycling of batteries leads to accelerated battery aging, which may be justified by increased revenue. The findings also suggest that with falling replacement costs, the operation of battery energy systems can be adjusted, increasing immediate revenues and moving the battery end-of-life conditions closer.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grid-Scale Battery Energy Storage Operation in Australian Electricity Spot and Contingency Reserve Markets

et al. 2021

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“…Among all energy storage systems, FESS is a very interesting technology for frequency regulation due to its maturity, and good technical and exploitation properties. According to [38] flywheels are one of the best energy storage systems as synthetic inertia source compared to fuel cells, supercapacitors and lithium-ion based batteries. The low costs for operation and maintenance and long cycle life of flywheels (typically 20 years) with almost no depth of discharge effects and high round trip efficiency, result in very low effective cost per cycle compared to other storage technologies as stated in [39] where power costs (US$/kW) and energy costs (US$/kWh) of some successful FESS plants offering grid services until year 2015 are summarized.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Research of control schemes based on synthetic inertia offered by flywheels is still popular nowadays, as in [47] where flywheels are a valuable source of inertial frequency support to prevent an undesired frequency Nadir in a multi-area frequency model. In [38], the viability of energy storage technologies as synthetic inertia sources is discussed and in [40] FESS capability to provide this service is presented. According to Sebastian and Alzola [48] FESS power response is based on a proportional action according to the frequency deviation and synthetic inertia based on rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) by processing the frequency signal with a proportional derivative (PD) controller.…”

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confidence: 99%