Energy-related GHG emissions balances: IPCC versus LCA

Cellura, Maurizio; Cusenza, Maria Anna; Longo, Sonia

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.145

Cited by 69 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A study of prospective electricity analysis using 450 scenarios also found that a huge reduction in GHG emissions and water-footprint can be achieved through sustainable measures [83]. Therefore, the importance of the pre-assessment of energy policies has been emphasized in many studies for allotting finances to green policies [84].…”

Section: Results Of Demand-side Management Scenariomentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Emission Modeling for Energy Demand in the Household Sector: A Study of Pakistan as a Developing Economy

Bashir

Ahmad

2018

Sustainability

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In the developing world, the energy needs of the household sector have grown manifold, due to rapid urbanization and the introduction of affordable technology. However, constraints in the power supply and underutilization of renewable resources, coupled with inefficient fuel use and obsolete technology, have increased the average energy usage cost and emissions. Hence, the current study provides a long-term sustainable energy management plan for the urban household, in terms of energy savings, social cost, and greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation. To address energy security and climate change challenges, a demand-side management scenario (DSM) is proposed through integration of efficient policies and nationally determined contributions. On the basis of policy analysis and energy consumption patterns, macro-economic modeling was carried out for the period 2011–2050, using the Long-range Energy Alternative Planning (LEAP) modeling tool. Results show that the “efficient water heating” scenario offers the maximum energy-saving potential (up to 270 M.TOE) whereas “efficient space cooling” is the lowest-cost scenario. To achieve the best-fit mitigation scenario (MIT), targets for renewable energy supply were also incorporated. Findings were weighed against the reference scenario (REF), which reveals a huge GHG reduction under the DSM. Moreover, the cost required to implement MIT is estimated to be 3.4 US $/tonne of carbon dioxide-equivalent, less than the REF.

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Section: Results Of Demand-side Management Scenariomentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Emission Modeling for Energy Demand in the Household Sector: A Study of Pakistan as a Developing Economy

Bashir

Ahmad

2018

Sustainability

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“…In the calculations, the greenhouse gases were transformed into their CO 2 equivalent (CO 2 eq) by using IPCC's characteristic factors, in which the corresponding factors for CH 4 and N 2 O are 25 and 298, respectively. The sum of these was the CO 2 emissions from embodied energy of building materials and products [43].…”

Section: Life-cycle Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life-Cycle Assessment and Monetary Measurements for the Carbon Footprint Reduction of Public Buildings

2020

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Energy consumption in public buildings increased drastically over the last decade. Significant policy actions towards the promotion of energy efficiency in the building sector have been developed involving sustainable low-CO2-emission technologies. This paper presents the results of an economic–environmental valuation of a standard energy retrofit project for a public building in a Mediterranean area, integrating a life-cycle assessment (LCA) into the traditional economic–financial evaluation pattern. The study results show that simple retrofit of sustainable low-CO2-emission strategies such as wooden double-glazed windows, organic external wall insulation systems, and green roofs can reduce energy needs for heating and cooling by 58.5% and 33.4%, respectively. Furthermore, the implementation of an LCA highlights that the use of sustainable materials reduces the building’s carbon footprint index by 54.1% after retrofit compared to standard materials, thus providing an additional increase in the socio-environmental–economic–financial results of 18%. Some proposals are made about the accounting of the replacement costs and the residual value as requested in the logic of life-cycle cost (that is the economic extension of the LCA), namely concerning the method to take into account the replacement costs and the residual value. The economic calculation highlights the fundamental role played by tax benefits supporting the building energy retrofit, also in temperate climate zones, thus allowing the creation of environmental benefits in addition to remarkable cost savings.

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“…Support to GHG reduction at municipal level has recently been afforded by recent studies [48], [49] through tools [50]- [53], indicators [54] and specific actions on several public sectors [55]- [59] that helps administrations improving the effectiveness of the action plans. Despite the broad interest in the initiative and the increasing dimension of the population involved in this initiative (250+ million inhabitants and 7700+ signatories), the status of implementation of the Covenant of Mayors by country is still lacking and an overview of the whole initiative is missing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Covenant of Mayors Committed to Local Sustainable Energy: The Italian Case

Adami

Castagna

Ragazzi

et al. 2018

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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The Paris agreement fixed worldwide targets on the temperature increase below 2°C in the XXI century. Presently 176 countries ratified this framework. With the 20-20-20 package, the European Commission fixes three targets: (i) reduction of the European greenhouse gas emissions at least 20% below 1990 levels by 2020, (ii) 20% of EU energy consumption must come from renewable resources by 2020 and (iii) 20% reduction in primary energy use compared with projected levels, by improving energy efficiency. To achieve these global targets, Covenant of Mayor was launched in 2008 as a voluntary initiative for local administrations that decide to adopt a plan of interventions concerning greenhouse gas mitigations achieving and exceeding the EU climate and energy targets. In the present paper, we analyse the global results of the initiative during its first decade of activity, focusing on the Italian case at national level, since it is presently the leading country in terms of population involved.

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Energy-related GHG emissions balances: IPCC versus LCA

Cited by 69 publications

References 14 publications

Low-Emission Modeling for Energy Demand in the Household Sector: A Study of Pakistan as a Developing Economy

Low-Emission Modeling for Energy Demand in the Household Sector: A Study of Pakistan as a Developing Economy

Life-Cycle Assessment and Monetary Measurements for the Carbon Footprint Reduction of Public Buildings

Covenant of Mayors Committed to Local Sustainable Energy: The Italian Case

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