Energy regulation over the menstrual cycle

Johnson, William G.; Corrigan, Sheila A.; Lemmon, Christian R.; Bergeron, Kimberly B.; Crusco, April H.

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(94)90296-8

Cited by 105 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…What was notable about the group of women with PMS in this study was that they consumed a relatively high proportion of dietary carbohydrates in both phases of the menstrual cycle (between 55% and 64%). In several previous studies 12,13,22 where macronutrients as a percentage of total caloric intake by menstrual cycle phase were analyzed, the ranges of carbohydrate intake were typically lower than the percentages found in this study. Johnson et al 13 found that carbohydrate intake as a percentage of total energy intake remained relatively constant over the phases of the menstrual cycle in food records of women (n = 26) who were not screened for PMS, with carbohydrate intake varying from 47.5% to 47.9%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…In several previous studies 12,13,22 where macronutrients as a percentage of total caloric intake by menstrual cycle phase were analyzed, the ranges of carbohydrate intake were typically lower than the percentages found in this study. Johnson et al 13 found that carbohydrate intake as a percentage of total energy intake remained relatively constant over the phases of the menstrual cycle in food records of women (n = 26) who were not screened for PMS, with carbohydrate intake varying from 47.5% to 47.9%. In contrast, using a 24-hour dietary recall method, Dalvit-McPhillips 12 found that subjects without PMS consumed 40%-55% of their calories as carbohydrates in the follicular phase, but there was a significant increase to 60%-80% carbohydrates as the portion of total caloric intake in the luteal phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…[9][10][11] Many [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] but not all [20][21][22] studies of food intake have shown increased caloric intake in the luteal phase, although only a few of these studies have controlled for PMS. 16,17,19,22 When reported, the specific macronutrient composition of the increased calories consumed in the luteal phase varies but most often results from either increased fat 13,16,19 or carbohydrate intake. 16,17,19 Based on animal studies showing that carbohydrate ingestion increases brain serotonin levels, 23,24 some investigators have suggested that in an attempt to relieve symptoms, women with PMS unconsciously selfmedicate by increasing their carbohydrate intake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insulin Sensitivity, Food Intake, and Cravings with Premenstrual Syndrome: A Pilot Study

Trout

Basel-Brown²,

Rickels³

et al. 2008

Journal of Women's Health

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Objective-The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate possible differences in insulin sensitivity, food intake, and cravings between the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle in women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS).Methods-Subjects were screened for PMS using the Penn Daily Symptom Rating (DSR) scale. Each subject had two overnight admissions (once in each cycle phase) to the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. They performed 3-day diet histories prior to each hospitalization. After admission, subjects received dinner and a snack, then were fasted until morning, when they underwent a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIGT). Insulin sensitivity was determined by Minimal Model analysis. Blinded analysis of diet histories and inpatient food intake was performed by a registered dietitian.Results-There was no difference found in insulin sensitivity between cycle phases (n = 7). There were also no differences in proportions of macronutrients or total kilocalories by cycle phase, despite a marked difference in food cravings between cycle phase, with increased food cravings noted in the luteal phase (p = 0.002). Total DSR symptom scores decreased from a mean of 186 (± 29.0) in the luteal phase to 16.6 (± 14.2) in the follicular phase. Women in this study consumed relatively high proportions of carbohydrates (55%-64%) in both cycle phases measured.Conclusions-These findings reinforce the suggestion that although the symptom complaints of PMS are primarily confined to the luteal phase, the neuroendocrine background for this disorder may be consistent across menstrual cycle phases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Insulin Sensitivity, Food Intake, and Cravings with Premenstrual Syndrome: A Pilot Study

Trout

Basel-Brown²,

Rickels³

et al. 2008

Journal of Women's Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…More recent studies support the findings of luteal hyperphagia, [32][33][34][35] where women's EI has been reported to increase with as much as 90-500 kcal/day compared to the follicular phase. 33,34,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46] Thus, most of the data from human studies also indicate that EI changes in response to changes in levels of ovarian hormones, and possibly to estrogens in particular. 37,41,45,47 This is supported by data on progesterone-treated ovariectomized rats, where progesterone had no apparent effect on EI.…”

Section: Energy Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

“…33,40,44,45,62 As fat provides flavor to foods, it is possible that the sensory properties of a fat-rich food are also an element of the experienced craving.…”

Section: Macronutrient Intake Food Cravings and The Premenstrual Synmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the menstrual cycle on determinants of energy balance: a putative role in weight loss attempts

2007

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Women's weight and body composition is significantly influenced by the female sex-steroid hormones. Levels of these hormones fluctuate in a defined manner throughout the menstrual cycle and interact to modulate energy homeostasis. This paper reviews the scientific literature on the relationship between hormonal changes across the menstrual cycle and components of energy balance, with the aim of clarifying whether this influences weight loss in women. In the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle it appears that women's energy intake and energy expenditure are increased and they experience more frequent cravings for foods, particularly those high in carbohydrate and fat, than during the follicular phase. This suggests that the potential of the underlying physiology related to each phase of the menstrual cycle may be worth considering as an element in strategies to optimize weight loss. Studies are needed to assess the weight loss outcome of tailoring dietary recommendations and the degree of energy restriction to each menstrual phase throughout a weight management program, taking these preliminary findings into account.

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Intraindividual variation in the basal metabolic rate of women: Effect of the menstrual cycle

et al. 1996

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The validity of using the basal metabolic rate (BMR) to calculate an individual's energy requirements is based upon the assumption that the intraindividual variation in BMR is small. Early studies (pre‐1940) on BMR in women had shown that the menstrual cycle may have a profound effect, contributing to high levels of intraindividual variation. To investigate this issue further, and to explore whether BMR is indeed a biological constant in women, sequential measurements of BMR were made in women over one menstrual cycle. Two independent studies were undertaken in which the BMR of 12 weight‐stable women (not taking the contraceptive pill) was measured every day (excluding weekends) for a period of 5 weeks. The six women participating in the first study were measured using a Douglas bag, while the six subjects in the second study were measured with a Deltatrac (Datex, Helsinki). Nine of the 12 subjects demonstrated a peak in BMR during the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, while 8 of the 12 subjects exhibited a fall in BMR after the onset of menstruation. Group analysis of the results indicated that the BMR during the early follicular phase was significantly lower than the BMR during the late luteal phase (Wilcoxon's signed rank test: P < 0.01). The level of intraindividual variation was assessed by calculating the coefficient of variation (CV) for the measurement period. The CV in six of the women exhibited a level of variation comparable to men (2–4%). However, intraindividual variation in the BMR of the other six women was considerably higher (up to 12%). In these six women, therefore, BMR may not be considered a biological constant. All available data on sequential measurements of BMR in fertile women were collated from the literature for the first time, and statistically analyzed. BMR during the early follicular phase was found to be significantly lower (P < 0.05) than during the late luteal phase. Further work on the biological constancy of BMR in women and the impact of the menstrual cycle on BMR is required. This area is of particular importance given the fact that the energy requirements of both individuals and populations are now calculated using the BMR. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Energy regulation over the menstrual cycle

Cited by 105 publications

References 25 publications

Insulin Sensitivity, Food Intake, and Cravings with Premenstrual Syndrome: A Pilot Study

Insulin Sensitivity, Food Intake, and Cravings with Premenstrual Syndrome: A Pilot Study

Impact of the menstrual cycle on determinants of energy balance: a putative role in weight loss attempts

Intraindividual variation in the basal metabolic rate of women: Effect of the menstrual cycle

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