Energy Production in Water Distribution Networks: A PAT Design Strategy

Carravetta, Armando; Giudice, Giuseppe Del; Fecarotta, Oreste; Ramos, Helena M.

doi:10.1007/s11269-012-0114-1

Cited by 188 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In WSNs, particularly in cities with considerable geodesic differences, areas exist where the pressure is greater than necessary. In certain cases, energy dissipation is imperative to minimize leakage (Carravetta et al 2012;Carravetta et al 2013;Xu et al 2014;Fecarotta et al 2015). This dissipation is usually ensured by pressure reduction valves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulated Annealing in Optimization of Energy Production in a Water Supply Network

Samora

Franca

Schleiss

et al. 2016

Water Resour Manage

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In water supply systems, the potential exists for micro-hydropower that uses the pressure excess in the networks to produce electricity. However, because urban drinking water networks are complex systems in which flows and pressure vary constantly, identification of the ideal locations for turbines is not straightforward, and assessment implies the need for simulation. In this paper, an optimization algorithm is proposed to provide a selection of optimal locations for the installation of a given number of turbines in a distribution network. A simulated annealing process was developed to optimize the location of the turbines by taking into account the hourly variation of flows throughout an average year and the consequent impact of this variation on the turbine efficiency. The optimization is achieved by considering the characteristic and efficiency curves of a turbine model for different impeller diameters as well as simulations of the annual energy production in a coupled hydraulic model. The developed algorithm was applied to the water supply system of the city Lausanne (Switzerland). This work focuses on the definition of the neighborhood of the simulated annealing process and the analysis of convergence towards the optimal solution for different restrictions and numbers of installed turbines.Water Resour Manage

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carravetta et al 2012 proposed placement in the inlet nodes of network districts. Araújo et al 2006 suggested identification of a number of nodes with energy potential within the entire network.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulated Annealing in Optimization of Energy Production in a Water Supply Network

Samora

Franca

Schleiss

et al. 2016

Water Resour Manage

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“…The use of RES includes small hydroelectric power (less than 1-3 MW) located along small rivers [1,2] or along water transmission and distribution pipeline systems [3,4] and characterized by continual changes occurring in the turbine operating conditions (discharge and/or load).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Banki-Michell Optimal Design by Computational Fluid Dynamics Testing and Hydrodynamic Analysis

et al. 2013

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Abstract:In hydropower, the exploitation of small power sources requires the use of small turbines that combine efficiency and economy. Banki-Michell turbines represent a possible choice for their simplicity and for their good efficiency under variable load conditions. Several experimental and numerical tests have already been designed for examining the best geometry and optimal design of cross-flow type machines, but a theoretical framework for a sequential design of the turbine parameters, taking full advantage of recently expanded computational capabilities, is still missing. To this aim, after a review of the available criteria for Banki-Michell parameter design, a novel two-step procedure is described. In the first step, the initial and final blade angles, the outer impeller diameter and the shape of the nozzle are selected using a simple hydrodynamic analysis, based on a very strong simplification of reality. In the second step, the inner diameter, as well as the number of blades and their shape, are selected by testing single options using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, starting from the suggested literature values. Good efficiency is attained not only for the design discharge, but also for a large range of variability around the design value. OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2013, 6 2363

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“…Nevertheless, such a plant would face a large variability of both discharge and head, due to the hourly variability of water users' demand, as well as the small amounts of available power [30,31]. Furthermore, the turbine head curve exhibits a behaviour which is completely different from the head drop curve of a regulating valve: the former increases with the discharge, while the latter decreases as the flow rate increases [32]. All these difficulties, together with the small amount of power available, hinder the use of classic turbines, due to their high price and their long payback period.…”

Section: Energy Recovery In Water Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Saving in a Water Supply Network by Coupling a Pump and a Pump As Turbine (PAT) in a Turbopump

Carravetta

Antipodi²,

Golia

et al. 2017

Water

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Abstract:The management of a water distribution network (WDN) is performed by valve and pump control, to regulate both the pressure and the discharge between certain limits. The energy that is usually merely dissipated by valves can instead be converted and used to partially supply the pumping stations. Pumps used as turbines (PAT) can be used in order to both reduce pressure and recover energy, with proven economic benefits. The direct coupling of the PAT shaft with the pump shaft in a PAT-pump turbocharger (P&P plant) allows us to transfer energy from the pressure control system to the pumping system without any electrical device. Based on experimental PAT and pump performance curves, P&P equations are given and P&P working conditions are simulated with reference to the operating conditions of a real water supply network. The annual energy saving demonstrates the economic relevance of the P&P plant.

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Energy Production in Water Distribution Networks: A PAT Design Strategy

Cited by 188 publications

References 25 publications

Simulated Annealing in Optimization of Energy Production in a Water Supply Network

Simulated Annealing in Optimization of Energy Production in a Water Supply Network

Banki-Michell Optimal Design by Computational Fluid Dynamics Testing and Hydrodynamic Analysis

Energy Saving in a Water Supply Network by Coupling a Pump and a Pump As Turbine (PAT) in a Turbopump

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