Energy production by laser-induced annihilation in ultradense hydrogen H(0)

Holmlid, Leif

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.01.212

Cited by 16 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…6 at 103 cm. The decay time constants observed are similar, at approximately 13 and 26 ns and also the dilated constant at 39 ns [39] is observed (see the Appendix). Another series of experiments in Fig.…”

Section: Meson Decay Using D(0)supporting

confidence: 72%

“…5, the signal to the inner collector is measured with varying laser intensity. Two time constants are observed, one close to 50 ns, which is close to the decay time constant for the long-lived neutral kaon, and one at 39 ns which is proposed to be a relativistically dilated decay time-constant for charged pions [39]. Even with a relatively short ight distance to the outer collector at 103 cm as used in Fig.…”

Section: Meson Decay Using D(0)mentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Thus, shorter decay time constants are observed at longer distance, which means that the time constants observed are not simply due to a transport times or pulse timing effects at the target. It is apparent that these effects are due to the decay of several types of mesons with different kinetic energies, as shown in a recent publication [39] and summarized in the Appendix.…”

Section: Meson Decay Using D(0)mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The 26 ns time constant also dominates at the outer collector at 103 cm distance, which is different from the case of D(0). No principle change is thus found for p(0), which means that the nuclear processes giving the fast mesons and muons are not fusion processes which hardly exist with p(0) but are annihilation processes [39,42].…”

Section: Meson Decay Using P(0)mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…A possible model is that two baryons for example one baryon and one antibaryon (formed from a bayon by beta capture) annihilate to form three pairs of light mesons (kaons and pions) [21,40]. Detailed descriptions of the annihilation process were recently published [39,42]. The energetics is exact at a level of 0,4 % using measured kinetic energies for the mesons.…”

Section: See Further Belowmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Meson bunches formed by pulsed laser-induced processes in ultra-dense hydrogen H(0)

Holmlid¹

2021

Preprint

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Ultra-dense hydrogen H(0) (reviewed in Holmlid and Zeiner-Gundersen, Physica Scripta 2019 ) consists of small strongly bound molecules with interatomic distance of 0.56 pm in spin state s = 1. It is a useful nuclear fuel for energy generation, giving heat above break-even (Holmlid, AIP Advances 2015) in laser-induced processes (Holmlid, Int. J. Hydr. Energy 2021). Nuclear processes in H(0) emit particles in typical meson decay chains with kinetic energy up to 100 MeV. These mesons decay and generate fast muons at up to 500 MeV energy at current densities of several mA cm-2 at 1–2 m distances, which corresponds to 1013 -1014 muons formed per laser pulse. It is shown that the mesons decay in chain processes with well-defined meson time constants in the range 10–60 ns. The time varying signals from H(0) agree well with mesons M in decay chains as A ◊ M ◊ N where N is a signal muon. M may be a charged kaon K± (decay time constant at rest 12.4 ns) or a charged pion π± (decay time constant at rest 26 ns) or a long-lived neutral kaon \({\text{K}}_{L}^{0}\) (decay time constant at rest 51 ns). Ultra-dense protium p(0) gives the same time constants as D(0) but slightly different decay-chains. The meson bunches observed are similar to the meson bunches from nucleon + antinucleon annihilation. The energy gain in the nuclear process is at least 8000, strongly indicating baryon annihilation for which process further evidence is given in other recent publications.

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Section: Meson Decay Using D(0)supporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Meson Decay Using D(0)mentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Meson Decay Using D(0)mentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Meson Decay Using P(0)mentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: See Further Belowmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Meson bunches formed by pulsed laser-induced processes in ultra-dense hydrogen H(0)

Holmlid¹

2021

Preprint

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Laser-induced annihilation: Relativistic particles from ultra-dense hydrogen H(0)

Holmlid

Ólafsson

2021

High Energy Density Physics

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Nature of spontaneous signal and detection of radiation emitted from hydrogen Rydberg matter

Zeiner-Gundersen,

Olafsson

2024

AIP Advances

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In this article, we report on laser-induced radiation and spontaneous radiation emitted from a chamber containing hydrogen Rydberg matter. The emitted isotropic radiation penetrates a 3-mm-thick steel wall and several meters of air. The radiation can be detected using a simple photoelectric multiplier (PM) detector with aluminum foil covering the front end of the PM tube. The experimental setup, how to initiate the radiation, and radiation detector construction are discussed in this article. In addition, the detector stability and time development of detector response when the chamber is activated by gas loading and laser excitation are reported. Gamma-ray sensitivity, x-ray sensitivity, and pulse shape are further examined to characterize the emitted radiation. The results presented herein have been recorded for the past 4 years. The extensive and extended research shown in this work verifies that when hydrogen enters an iron oxide Rydberg state catalyst containing potassium, the catalyst will eventually emit penetrating radiation that behaves as x rays. The radiation can easily be detected using several detector methods. The spontaneous signal shows all indications of being x-ray radiation in character. The findings of this study regarding hydrogen’s behavior in materials have not been previously reported and require additional investigation by other research teams.

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Energy production by laser-induced annihilation in ultradense hydrogen H(0)

Cited by 16 publications

References 24 publications

Meson bunches formed by pulsed laser-induced processes in ultra-dense hydrogen H(0)

Meson bunches formed by pulsed laser-induced processes in ultra-dense hydrogen H(0)

Laser-induced annihilation: Relativistic particles from ultra-dense hydrogen H(0)

Nature of spontaneous signal and detection of radiation emitted from hydrogen Rydberg matter

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