“…Although the nominal conditions set in the regulations are not a realistic standard to assess thermal discomfort, not properly representing the real climatization habits of the population, the magnitude of these gaps unavoidably continues to point to low consumption rates and the poor thermal energy performance of buildings. These indicators also raise questions about a potential thermal discomfort issue in Portuguese homes and high energy poverty vulnerability, as stated by Gouveia et al (2019).…”
Section: Energy Performance Gap and Related Co 2 Emissionsmentioning
The reduction of energy consumption and the increase in energy efficiency is currently an important cornerstone of EU policy. Energy performance certificates (EPCs) were implemented as one of the tools to promote this agenda, and are used for the energy performance assessment of buildings. In this study, the characteristics of the Portuguese dwelling stock are regionally analysed using data from approximately 523,000 Portuguese residential EPCs. Furthermore, a bottom-up building typology approach is used to assess the regional energy needs impact of retrofitting actions and to estimate the heating and cooling energy performance gaps of the whole dwelling stock, as well as the potential CO 2 emissions resulting from the gaps' potential offset due to increase thermal comfort. The results show that Portuguese residential buildings have very low energy performance, with windows and roofs being identified as the most energy inefficient elements. Roof retrofitting has the highest potential for the reduction of energy needs. The estimated heating and cooling energy performance gap amount to very significant percentages, due to the poor performing building stock but also very low energy consumption levels, with probable consequences for the thermal comfort of occupants. Assuming the current energy mix, carbon emissions would be 9.8 and 20.2 times higher associated with heating and cooling, respectively, if the actual final energy consumption were to match the estimated theoretical values derived from building regulation. This study demonstrates several application cases and leverages the potential of the individual EPC, increasing the detail in the dwelling stock characterization and energy performance estimation, revealing its value for energy retrofit and climate change mitigation assessments, as well as establishing the ground for future work related to building retrofits, energy efficiency measure implementation, climate change mitigation, thermal comfort, and energy poverty studies.
“…Although the nominal conditions set in the regulations are not a realistic standard to assess thermal discomfort, not properly representing the real climatization habits of the population, the magnitude of these gaps unavoidably continues to point to low consumption rates and the poor thermal energy performance of buildings. These indicators also raise questions about a potential thermal discomfort issue in Portuguese homes and high energy poverty vulnerability, as stated by Gouveia et al (2019).…”
Section: Energy Performance Gap and Related Co 2 Emissionsmentioning
The reduction of energy consumption and the increase in energy efficiency is currently an important cornerstone of EU policy. Energy performance certificates (EPCs) were implemented as one of the tools to promote this agenda, and are used for the energy performance assessment of buildings. In this study, the characteristics of the Portuguese dwelling stock are regionally analysed using data from approximately 523,000 Portuguese residential EPCs. Furthermore, a bottom-up building typology approach is used to assess the regional energy needs impact of retrofitting actions and to estimate the heating and cooling energy performance gaps of the whole dwelling stock, as well as the potential CO 2 emissions resulting from the gaps' potential offset due to increase thermal comfort. The results show that Portuguese residential buildings have very low energy performance, with windows and roofs being identified as the most energy inefficient elements. Roof retrofitting has the highest potential for the reduction of energy needs. The estimated heating and cooling energy performance gap amount to very significant percentages, due to the poor performing building stock but also very low energy consumption levels, with probable consequences for the thermal comfort of occupants. Assuming the current energy mix, carbon emissions would be 9.8 and 20.2 times higher associated with heating and cooling, respectively, if the actual final energy consumption were to match the estimated theoretical values derived from building regulation. This study demonstrates several application cases and leverages the potential of the individual EPC, increasing the detail in the dwelling stock characterization and energy performance estimation, revealing its value for energy retrofit and climate change mitigation assessments, as well as establishing the ground for future work related to building retrofits, energy efficiency measure implementation, climate change mitigation, thermal comfort, and energy poverty studies.
“…The development of the energy poverty vulnerability index (EPVI) is described in the work developed by Gouveia et al (2019). The EPVI is an aggregated assessment of the dwelling stock's energy performance, households' energy consumption, and the ability of the population to implement alleviation measures, defined by a set of socioeconomic indicators.…”
Section: Energy Poverty Vulnerability Index Development and Mappingmentioning
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“…Energy efficiency Ratio of end-use energy to Bangladesh, China, Germany total energy [54,55] Energy gap (difference between Portugal, Global South, building's energy demand Attika(Greece), China, Germany and consumption) [45,47,55,59] Type of heating/cooling system [42,45,48,50,55,59] Greece, Global South, Attika(Greece), Spain, Zaragoza(Spain), China, Germany dwelling insulation against EU, Global South the cold/warm [27,41,59] Belgium…”
The focus of this paper is to bring to light the vital issue of energy poverty alleviation and how big data could improve the data collection quality and mechanism. It also explains the vicious circle of low productivity, health risk, environmental pollution and energy poverty and presents currently used energy poverty measures and alleviation policies and stresses the associated problems in application due to the underlying dynamics.
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