Energy management of a dual‐mode power‐split powertrain based on the Pontryagin's minimum principle

Ahmadizadeh, Pouyan; Mashadi, Behrooz; Lodaya, Dhaval

doi:10.1049/iet-its.2016.0281

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Despite the fact that PMP generally yields necessary conditions, it is still useful and effective: (1) to find a small subset of control actions and (2) to numerically compute optimal control trajectory significantly fast compared to DP. For a certain class of optimal control problems, such as power management of hybrid electric vehicles, solutions obtained from PMP and DP are hardly different, which makes PMP widely used in automotive applications [22,26,27].…”

Section: Minimum Energy Consumption Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Pontryagin's Maximum Principle Analysis for Speed Profile Optimization of All-Electric Vehicles

Abbas

Kim

Siegel

et al. 2019

Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control

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This paper presents a study of the energy-efficient operation of all-electric vehicles leveraging route information, such as road grade, to adjust the velocity trajectory. First, Pontryagin's maximum principle (PMP) is applied to derive necessary conditions and to determine the possible operating modes. The analysis shows that only five modes are required to achieve minimum energy consumption: full propulsion, cruising, coasting, full regeneration, and full regeneration with conventional braking. Then, the minimum energy consumption problem is reformulated and solved in the distance domain using dynamic programming to find the optimal speed profiles. Various simulation results are shown for a lightweight autonomous military vehicle. The sensitivity of energy consumption to regenerative-braking power limits and trip time is investigated. These studies provide important information that can be used in designing component size and scheduling operation to achieve the desired vehicle range.

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Section: Minimum Energy Consumption Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Pontryagin's Maximum Principle Analysis for Speed Profile Optimization of All-Electric Vehicles

Abbas

Kim

Siegel

et al. 2019

Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control

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“…The control strategy in the lower controller is divided into two parts: mode selection and torque distribution. The mode selection module selects the proper operation modes and the torque distribution module distributes the optimal torque commands to the engine and two electric motors [27].…”

Section: Speed Optimization and Lower Level Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Speed Optimization Strategy of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Queue Based on Particle Swarm Optimization

Wang

Shi

et al. 2018

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Traffic lights intersections are common in cities and have an impact on the energy consumption of vehicles, so it is significant to optimize the velocities of vehicles in urban road conditions. The novel speed optimization strategy for hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) queue that helps reduce fuel consumption and improve traffic efficiency is presented in this paper, where real-world traffic signal information is used to construct the research scenario. The initial values of the target velocities are obtained based on the signal phase and timing (SPAT). Then the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to solve the nonlinear constrained problem and obtain the optimal target velocities based on vehicle to vehicle communication (V2V) and vehicle to infrastructure communication (V2I). The lower controller, which applies rule based control strategy, is designed to split the power of the engine and two electric motors in a power split HEV, which is quite promising because of its advantages in fuel economy. Simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed strategy in reducing fuel consumption of the HEV queue and improving traffic smoothness.

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“…Despite the fact that PMP generally yields necessary conditions, it is still useful and effective 1to find a small subset of control actions and (2) to numerically compute optimal control trajectory significantly fast compared to DP. For a certain class of optimal control problems, such as power management of hybrid electric vehicles, solutions obtained from PMP and DP are hardly different, which makes PMP widely used in automotive applications [49,54,55]. For simplicity, the following assumptions are made: (1) the efficiency of the system is invariant, that is, motoring and generating efficiency of the electric motor is fixed; (2) the vehicle moves forward only; (3) road grade and velocity limit are distance-dependent and known a priori.…”

Section: Chapter 2: Minimum Energy Consumption Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Energy-Efficient Speed Profile for Electrified Vehicles

Abbas

Kim

Siegel

et al. 2018

Volume 2: Control and Optimization of Connected and Automated Ground Vehicles; Dynamic Systems and Control Education; Dynamics

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This paper presents a study of energy-efficient operation of vehicles with electrified powertrains leveraging route information, such as road grades, to adjust the speed trajectory. First, Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle (PMP) is applied to derive necessary conditions and to determine the possible operating modes. The analysis shows that only 5 modes are required to achieve minimum energy consumption; full propulsion, cruising, coasting, full regeneration, and full regeneration with conventional braking. The minimum energy consumption problem is reformulated and solved in the distance domain using Dynamic Programming to optimize speed profiles. A case study is shown for a light weight military robot including road grades. For this system, a tradeoff between energy consumption and trip time was found. The optimal cycle uses 20% less energy for the same trip duration, or could reduce the travel time by 14% with the same energy consumption compared to the baseline operation.

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Energy management of a dual‐mode power‐split powertrain based on the Pontryagin's minimum principle

Cited by 21 publications

References 31 publications

Synthesis of Pontryagin's Maximum Principle Analysis for Speed Profile Optimization of All-Electric Vehicles

Synthesis of Pontryagin's Maximum Principle Analysis for Speed Profile Optimization of All-Electric Vehicles

Research on Speed Optimization Strategy of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Queue Based on Particle Swarm Optimization

Optimization of Energy-Efficient Speed Profile for Electrified Vehicles

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