Energy Intakes of Ultraendurance Cyclists During Competition, an Observational Study

Black, Katherine; Skidmore, Paula; Brown, Rachel C.

doi:10.1123/ijsnem.22.1.19

Cited by 25 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…As reported by Clark et al [2], countless other studies performed on endurance exercise of shorter duration [10], and several cycling ultra-endurance events [27,34], CHO intake was positively associated with performance. This suggests that despite the potentially lower exercise intensity in such an event, CHO is the most important substrate to fuel the activity.…”

Section: Nutrient Intake During the Eventsupporting

confidence: 51%

“…The sample size was small, given the total number of runners in the event, but is comparable to those in other field studies of similar design [5,[33][34]. Finally, being a cross-sectional, observational study, no causal relationship can be drawn between intake and performance and various factors that could be contributing to performance are missing, such as measures of fitness, body composition and hydration status.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Other studies involving ultra-marathon running have reported slightly higher intakes; a mean figure of 43 g/h was published from seven subjects during a 100 km road running race [33]. Literature available on ultra-endurance exercise suggests that athletes struggle to meet these requirements unless other disciplines are included, for example: intakes of 69 g/h have been observed during an ironman triathlon [5], with the majority being consumed during the cycle leg; 63 g/h in male cyclists during a 210 km race [27]; and 52 g/h during a 384 km cycling event [34]. In order to meet the CHO demand during running events, the form of foods consumed and their mode of consumption requires further investigation.…”

Section: Nutrient Intake During the Eventmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Macronutrient Consumption Prior to, and during, a Mountain Marathon

Mahon¹,

Hackett²,

Stott³

et al. 2014

AJSS

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Participation in ultra-endurance events such as mountain marathons is increasing, yet analysis of the nutritional intake and requirements of this group of athletes have received relatively little attention. This field study examined athletes' food intake prior to, and during a mountain marathon event to assess compliance with recommendations and to identify associations with performance. Nineteen male athletes competing in the Longmynd Hike (LH) completed a 7-day food diary in the week prior to the event and a weighed food inventory of all items consumed during the event. Despite reported intentions to increase carbohydrate (CHO) consumption in the week prior to the event, there was no significant change in consumption across the week. The mean daily CHO intake of 4.5 g/kg/d was below that recommended to effectively enhance glycogen stores. CHO and energy consumption prior to the event were positively associated with performance [energy (kJ/kg/d): r = .56, p = 0.03; CHO (g/kg/d): r = .54, p = 0.04]. Energy and CHO consumption during the event were also positively correlated with performance [energy (kJ/kg/h): r = .80, p < 0.001; CHO (g/kg/h): r = .75, p = 0.001)], despite most participants again failing to meet recommendations for intake. Further research is needed to determine reasons for non-compliance with nutritional guidelines and to investigate to what extent type and timing of macronutrient intake during such events impacts on performance.

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Section: Nutrient Intake During the Eventsupporting

confidence: 51%

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Nutrient Intake During the Eventmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Macronutrient Consumption Prior to, and during, a Mountain Marathon

Mahon¹,

Hackett²,

Stott³

et al. 2014

AJSS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Based on sport population figures from the National Collegiate Athletic Association, it is most likely that the highly active men in our study were football, baseball, track, soccer or basketball players, which might explain why we did not see the detrimental effects 44. In contrast to cycling and long-distance running, which are strongly associated with negative energy balance,45 46 these sports do not require as much energy expenditure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity and television watching in relation to semen quality in young men

et al. 2013

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Background Semen quality appears to have declined over the past decades but reasons for this decline are unresolved. The concurrent increase in sedentary behavior may be a contributing factor. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship of physical activity and television (TV) watching with sperm parameters in a population of young, healthy men Methods Men aged 18-22 years (n=189) from the Rochester Young Men's Study (2009-2010) were used in this analysis. Physical activity (hours/week of moderate and vigorous exercise) and TV watching (hours/week of TV, video, or DVD watching) over the past 3 months was assessed via questionnaire. Semen quality was assessed by sperm concentration, motility, morphology, and total sperm count. Results Sperm concentration and total sperm count were directly related to physical activity after multivariable adjustment (p-trend=0.01 and 0.04); men in the highest quartile of moderate-to-vigorous activity (≥15 hours/week) had 73% (95% CI 15 to 160%) higher sperm concentration than men in the lowest quartile (< 5 hours/week). TV watching was inversely associated with sperm concentration and total sperm count in multivariable analyses (p-trend=0.05 and 0.06); men in the highest quartile of TV watching (>20 hours/week) had 44% (95% CI 15 to 63%) lower sperm concentration than men in the lowest quartile (0 hours/week). These measures of physical and leisure time activities were not significantly associated with sperm motility or morphology. Conclusions In this population of healthy men, higher moderate-to-vigorous activity and less TV watching were significantly associated with higher total sperm count and sperm concentration.

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“…Most probably, factors such as motivation (De Ioannon et al 2015), support crew (Black et al 2012) and sleep deprivation (Lahart et al 2013) are higher in a longer ultra-triathlon (i.e. Quintuple and Deca Iron ultra-triathlon) compared to a shorter ultra-triathlon (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The aspect of experience in ultra-triathlon races

et al. 2015

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Previous experience seems to be an important predictor for endurance and ultra-endurance performance. The present study investigated whether the number of previously completed races and/or the personal best times in shorter races is more predictive for performance in longer non-stop ultra-triathlons such as a Deca Iron ultra-triathlon. All female and male ultra-triathletes who had finished between 1985 and 2014 at least one Double Iron ultra-triathlon (i.e. 7.6 km swimming, 360 km cycling and 84.4 km running), one Triple Iron ultra-triathlon (i.e. 11.4 km swimming, 540 km cycling and 126.6 km running), one Quintuple Iron ultra-triathlon (i.e. 19 km swimming, 900 km cycling and 221 km running) and one Deca Iron ultra-triathlon (i.e. 38 km swimming, 1,800 km cycling and 422 km running) were identified and their best race times for each distance were recorded. Multiple regression analysis (stepwise, forward selection, p of F for inclusion <0.05, p of F for exclusion >0.1, listwise deletion) was used to determine all variables correlating to overall race time and performance in split disciplines for both Quintuple and Deca Iron ultra-triathlon. The number of finished shorter races (i.e. Double and Triple Iron ultra-triathlon) was not associated with the number of finished longer races (i.e. Quintuple and Deca Iron ultra-triathlon) whereas both split and overall race times correlated to split and overall race times of the longer races with the exception of the swimming split times in Double Iron ultra-triathlon showing no correlation with swimming split times in both Quintuple and Deca Iron ultra-triathlon. In summary, previous experience seemed of importance in performance for longer ultra-triathlon races (i.e. Quintuple and Deca Iron ultra-triathlon) where the personal best times of shorter races (i.e. Double and Triple Iron ultra-triathlon) were important, but not the number of previously finished races. For athletes and coaches, fast race times in shorter ultra-triathlon races (i.e. Double and Triple Iron ultra-triathlon) are more important than a large of number finished races in order to achieve a fast race time in a longer ultra-triathlon (i.e. Quintuple and Deca Iron ultra-triathlon).

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Energy Intakes of Ultraendurance Cyclists During Competition, an Observational Study

Cited by 25 publications

References 15 publications

Macronutrient Consumption Prior to, and during, a Mountain Marathon

Macronutrient Consumption Prior to, and during, a Mountain Marathon

Physical activity and television watching in relation to semen quality in young men

The aspect of experience in ultra-triathlon races

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