Macronutrient Consumption Prior to, and during, a Mountain Marathon

Mahon, Elizabeth; Hackett, A. F.; Stott, Tim; George, Keith; Davies, I.G.

doi:10.11648/j.ajss.20140201.12

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…A study by Mahon et al [49] on mountain ultramarathon runners found that despite over 65% of athletes reporting that they intended to increase their CHO intake in the week prior to the event, no participants came close to their CHO-loading recommendations of 10–12 g/kg/d in the 48 h leading up to the event. This demonstrates that although a high carbohydrate intake is well known to benefit long duration endurance performance, athletes often fail to reach daily CHO targets needed to maximize glycogen storage due to the difficulty in practical application.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a study on mountain ultramarathon runners, Mahon et al [49] found that those consuming suboptimal amounts of CHO had higher levels of blood β-ketones post-event and that these post-blood β-ketone levels were negatively associated with performance. This further supports the need for CHO intake during prolonged events, given that ketones are an indicator of fat metabolism, particularly if an objective is to complete the event in minimal time.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutritional implications for ultra-endurance walking and running events

Williamson

2016

Extrem Physiol Med

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This paper examines the various nutritional challenges which athletes encounter in preparing for and participating in ultra-endurance walking and running events. Special attention is paid to energy level, performance, and recovery within the context of athletes’ intake of carbohydrate, protein, fat, and various vitamins and minerals. It outlines, by way of a review of literature, those factors which promote optimal performance for the ultra-endurance athlete and provides recommendations from multiple researchers concerned with the nutrition and performance of ultra-endurance athletes. Despite the availability of some research about the subject, there is a paucity of longitudinal material which examines athletes by nature and type of ultra-endurance event, gender, age, race, and unique physiological characteristics. Optimal nutrition results in a decreased risk of energy depletion, better performance, and quicker full-recovery.

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Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional implications for ultra-endurance walking and running events

Williamson

2016

Extrem Physiol Med

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“…This is an important consideration for athletes competing in MSUs, as it seems that relying on subjective feelings of hunger to guide EI is not an effective strategy and will likely result in large energy deficit and low EA, which may compromise performance. Indeed, a higher calorie intake has explained over 60% variation in performance during an ultramarathon (Mahon et al, 2014). Therefore, athletes unaccustomed to a MSU event are likely to benefit from a strategic diet plan to minimize energy deficit and maximize performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, an inadequate energy intake, resulting in a large energy deficit, could compromise performance (Mahon, Hackett, Stott, George, & Davies, 2014). Previous research indicates that it is possible to maintain energy balance over the course of a five-day (960 km) ultramarathon (Rontoyannis et al, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Balance During A Self-sufficient, Multistage Ultramarathon

Hough

Earle

2017

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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Endurance athletes are recommended to maintain energy balance and ensure adequate energy availability (EA) so that endurance performance is not compromised. Purpose: Describe and evaluate the energy balance of an athlete competing in a self-sufficient, multistage ultramarathon (MSU). Methods: A male endurance athlete (age 35 years; height 183.0 cm; body mass 78.4 kg; VO 2max 66 ml/kg/min) volunteered to take part in this observational case study prior to competing in the Marathon des Sables (MdS) 2016. The subject self-reported energy intake (EI) by reviewing his dietary plan following each stage. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) was estimated prior to the MdS based on fat-free mass. Distance and moving speed were recorded using a GPS device throughout the race. Exercise energy expenditure (EEE) was calculated using the GPS device algorithm. Total energy expenditure (TEE) was calculated by adding the athlete's BMR to the recorded EEE. Energy balance was calculated by subtracting EI from TEE. Results: Mean daily EI was 2946 ¡ 358 kcal and daily EEE was 3006 ¡ 1030 kcal. This resulted in a total energy deficit of 9609 kcal with a daily energy deficit of 1922 ¡ 952 kcal/day. The athlete did not report any subjective feelings of hunger at any point during the event. Conclusions: The athlete did not consume enough calories to meet estimated energy requirements, resulting in a negative energy balance and low EA throughout the event. Relying on subjective perception of hunger to modulate energy intake is an ineffective strategy during a MSU.

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“…The violation of water-electrolytic balance accompanies a number of pathological conditions and causes alteration of the organs and systems of an organism [7,10,21]. WHO informs that about 1.5 million people die annually from dehydration in the world [15,18]. Understanding the vital role of water in a human body is the basis for comprehending the development mechanisms of pathological conditions [1,2,8,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histomorphometric assessment of changes in the acinus and islets of Langerhans’ of the pancreas under conditions of general dehydration of the body

Kovchun¹

2018

Rep. of Morph.

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Dehydration accompanies a number of pathological conditions and causes alteration of the organs and systems of an organism. Research aim: to study histomorphometric changes in pancreas under the conditions of general dehydration of an organism, to identify correlation between the studied groups. The experiment was carried out on 35 white male rats. Pancreas was stained with haematoxylin and eosin and also Van Gieson’s stain was used. The size of acini and islets of Langerhans and other parenchyma formations were assessed. The acini area of has decreased by 6.5% (р˃0.05) in comparison with the intact group on the 3rd day. The area of islets of Langerhans decreased by 2% (р˃0.05) in comparison with the intact group. The area of islets of Langerhans has increased by 0.2% (р˃0.05) on the 7th dayof experiment in comparison with the control group and by 2.2% (р˃0.05) in comparison with the 3rd day. Acini area has increased by 7.2% (р˃0.05) on the 7th day in comparison with the control group and by 13.2% (р˃0.05) in comparison with the 3rd day. The acini area has increased by 25.8% (р<0.05) on the 10th day in comparison with the control group; by 30.6% (р<0.01) in comparison with the 3rd day; by 20.2% (р˃0.05) in comparison with the 7th day. The area of is lets of Langerhans has increased by 55.5% (р<0.001) incomparison with the control group, by 56.3% (р<0.001) in comparison with the 3rd day; by 55.4% (р<0.001) in comparison with the 7th day. The results analysis found the correlation between the area of islets of Langerhans and acini r=0.407, p<0.05; between the area of islets of Langerhans and dehydration degree r=0.708, p<0.001; between acini area and dehydration degree r=0.534, p<0.001. It was found by morphologically that the presence of destructive changes in the pancreatic parenchyma, which progress as the degree of severity of dehydration.

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Macronutrient Consumption Prior to, and during, a Mountain Marathon

Cited by 7 publications

References 33 publications

Nutritional implications for ultra-endurance walking and running events

Nutritional implications for ultra-endurance walking and running events

Energy Balance During A Self-sufficient, Multistage Ultramarathon

Histomorphometric assessment of changes in the acinus and islets of Langerhans’ of the pancreas under conditions of general dehydration of the body

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