Energy Intake and Prostate Tumor Growth, Angiogenesis, and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression

Abstract

Our observations are consistent with the hypothesis that energy restriction reduces prostate tumor growth by inhibiting tumor angiogenesis. Furthermore, dietary fat concentration does not influence prostate tumor growth when energy intake is reduced.

Carbohydrate restriction, prostate cancer growth, and the insulin‐like growth factor axis

“…Given a tumor's high demand for glucose (i.e., the Warburg effect) [30], this may present yet another possible mechanism of anti-tumor activity of a NCKD, though this remains speculative. Several prior studies have found that reduced caloric intake correlated with delayed prostate cancer growth [22,31]. However, the current data suggest that relative to a Western diet, a NCKD, with its increased caloric intake and decreased tumor growth, may allow some degree of uncoupling of the association between caloric intake and tumor growth.…”

“…Given the importance of energy balance in modulating tumor growth [22], all mice were housed one mouse per cage to allow precise measurements of caloric intake. The diets were prepared by TestDiet (Indianapolis, IN) ( Table I).…”

“…With regard to cancer, one case report suggested a potential benefit of carbohydrate restriction in two pediatric patients with malignant astrocytoma [20]. In animals, caloric restriction via carbohydrate restriction has been shown to have benefits similar to total caloric restriction in several tumor models including prostate cancer xenografts [21,22]. However, to date, carbohydrate restriction in prostate cancer has only been studied in the context of caloric restriction.…”

Preoperative weight change and risk of adverse outcome following radical prostatectomy: results from the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital database

“…10 In animals, caloric restriction (that is, weight loss) inhibits PC growth and improves survival. 11,12 Hypoth-eses for this effect include increased apoptosis and decreased insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels. However, the association between excess energy (that is, weight gain) and tumor growth remains unclear.…”

Circulating enterolactone and prostate cancer risk: A Nordic nested case‐control study

“…5,6 An energy-dense, high-fat Western diet with a low intake of plant foods has been implicated as a risk factor for prostate cancer and some studies have shown a protective effect of plant foods against prostate cancer, but overall the association between diet and prostate cancer risk remains weak. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] High circulating concentrations of enterolactone may be protective against prostate cancer either by its intrinsic biologic effects, or alternatively, enterolactone may be a marker of a healthy lifestyle, indicating a diet with a high intake of plants and vegetables with high fiber content and low fat content, which may be beneficial through other mechanisms. 21,22 However, no prospective studies have investigated the relation between circulating enterolactone levels and risk of subsequent development of prostate cancer.…”