Preoperative weight change and risk of adverse outcome following radical prostatectomy: results from the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital database

Whitley, Brian; Moreira, Daniel M.; Thomas, Jean A.; Aronson, William J.; Terris, Martha K.; Presti, Joseph C.; Kane, Christopher J.; Amling, Christopher L.; Freedland, Stephen J.

doi:10.1038/pcan.2011.42

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Several previous studies have reported a positive association between obesity at time of diagnosis or time of treatment and risk for biochemical recurrence . However, the few existing studies that have examined the association of pre‐diagnostic weight gain and biochemical recurrence have reported inconsistent results . In accordance with our findings, among a cohort of men treated with radical prostatectomy, Strom et al .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

The association of weight change in young adulthood and smoking status with risk of prostate cancer recurrence

Khan

Hicks

Colditz

et al. 2018

Intl Journal of Cancer

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The decades before prostate cancer diagnosis represent an etiologically relevant time period for prostate cancer carcinogenesis. However, the association of weight gain in young adulthood with subsequent biochemical recurrence among men with prostate cancer is not well studied, particularly among smokers. We conducted a prospective cohort study of 1,082 men with prostate cancer and treated with either radical prostatectomy or radiation between 2003 and 2010. The association of weight at age 20, weight at age 50 and weight change from age 20 to age 50 with biochemical recurrence was assessed using Cox Proportional Hazards with adjustment for confounders. Stratum-specific hazard ratio (HR) estimates by smoking status were evaluated. In the overall cohort, weight at age 20 (HR per 30 kg: 1.56, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02, 2.38, p-trend: 0.039), weight at age 50 (HR per 30 kg: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.32, 2.47, p-trend: <0.001) and weight change from age 20 to age 50 (HR per 30 kg: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.24, 2.74, p-trend: 0.003) were associated with biochemical recurrence. In stratified analyses, weight change from age 20 to age 50 was significantly associated with biochemical recurrence only in former smokers (HR per 30 kg: 3.87, 95% CI: 1.88, 8.00, p-trend: <0.001) and ever smokers (HR per 30 kg: 2.38, 95% CI: 1.27, 4.45, p-trend: 0.007). No significant association was observed between weight gain in young adulthood and biochemical recurrence in never smokers. Our study adds further evidence that weight gain during early adult years conveys long-term risk for adverse cancer outcomes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

The association of weight change in young adulthood and smoking status with risk of prostate cancer recurrence

Khan

Hicks

Colditz

et al. 2018

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…Furthermore, some large prospective cohort studies have reported that weight gain in adulthood is associated with increased prostate cancer-specific mortality (Bassett et al 2011; Wright et al 2007), although others reported no association between adult weight change and prostate cancer-specific mortality (Chamberlain, et al 2011; Moller, et al 2013). Studies focused on weight change within the decade of prostate cancer diagnosis report more consistent findings, with weight gain in the five year time period preceding diagnosis associated with increased risk of recurrence (Joshu, et al 2011; Whitley, et al 2011), and weight gain in the five year time period following diagnosis associated with increased risk of prostate cancer-specific mortality (Bonn, et al 2014). …”

Section: Obesity and Related Co-morbidities As Modifiable Lifestylmentioning

confidence: 90%

Obesity and cancer: mechanistic insights from transdisciplinary studies

Allott¹,

Hursting²

2015

Endocrine-Related Cancer

139

101

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Obesity is associated with a range of health outcomes that are of clinical and public health significance, including cancer. Herein, we summarize epidemiologic and preclinical evidence for an association between obesity and increased risk of breast and prostate cancer incidence and mortality. Moreover, we describe data from observational studies of weight change in humans and from calorie restriction studies in mouse models which support a potential role for weight loss in counteracting tumor-promoting properties of obesity in breast and prostate cancers. Given that weight loss is challenging to achieve and maintain, we also consider evidence linking treatments for obesity-associated co-morbidities, including metformin, statins and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, with reduced breast and prostate cancer incidence and mortality. Finally, we highlight several challenges that should be considered when conducting epidemiologic and preclinical research in the area of obesity and cancer, including the measurement of obesity in population-based studies, the timing of obesity and weight change in relation to tumor latency and cancer diagnosis, and the heterogeneous nature of obesity and its associated co-morbidities. Given that obesity is a complex trait, comprised of behavioral, epidemiologic and molecular/metabolic factors, we argue that a transdisciplinary approach is the key to understanding the mechanisms linking obesity and cancer. As such, this review highlights the critical need to integrate evidence from both epidemiologic and preclinical studies to gain insight into both biologic and non-biologic mechanisms contributing to the obesity-cancer link.

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“…20 The database included information on the patients’ age at the time of bone scan, race, height, weight, preoperative PSA levels, surgical specimen pathology (specimen weight, tumor grade, stage and surgical margin status), follow-up PSA, bone scans and secondary treatments after surgery. Patients treated with preoperative ADT or radiotherapy were excluded from the study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting bone scan positivity after biochemical recurrence following radical prostatectomy in both hormone-naive men and patients receiving androgen-deprivation therapy: results from the SEARCH database

Moreira

Cooperberg

Howard

et al. 2014

Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis

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BACKGROUND To evaluate the factors associated with positive bone scans after biochemical recurrence (BCR) following radical prostatectomy in both hormone-naive subjects and subjects after androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT). METHODS Retrospective analysis of 380 bone scans of 301 hormone-naive subjects and 214 bone scans of 137 subjects after ADT following BCR from the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital database. Generalized estimating equations and local regression plots were used to evaluate bone scan positivity by patients’ demographics, pathological features, PSA levels and kinetics. RESULTS Among hormone-naive subjects and subjects on ADT, bone scan positivity was seen in 24 (6%) and 65 (30%) subjects, respectively. In hormone-naive subjects, the higher prescan PSA, higher PSA velocity (PSAV) and shorter PSA doubling time (PSADT) were significantly associated with positive scans (P =0.008, P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). In subjects after ADT, the prescan PSA, PSAV and PSADT were significantly associated with positive scans (P =0.011, P<0.001 and P =0.002, respectively). Regression plots showed increased scan positivity with increasing PSA levels and shortening PSADT (all P<0.001) for both hormone-naive subjects and subjects after ADT. For a given PSA level and PSADT, subjects on ADT had higher bone scan positivity. CONCLUSIONS In both hormone-naive subjects and subjects after ADT, more aggressive and advanced disease identified by higher PSA levels, higher PSAV and shorter PSADT were associated with higher bone scan positivity. For the same PSA level and PSADT, subjects after ADT had higher bone scan positivity than hormone-naive subjects. Therefore, PSA levels and kinetics may be used as selection criteria for bone scan in these patients.

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Preoperative weight change and risk of adverse outcome following radical prostatectomy: results from the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital database

Cited by 18 publications

References 25 publications

The association of weight change in young adulthood and smoking status with risk of prostate cancer recurrence

The association of weight change in young adulthood and smoking status with risk of prostate cancer recurrence

Obesity and cancer: mechanistic insights from transdisciplinary studies

Predicting bone scan positivity after biochemical recurrence following radical prostatectomy in both hormone-naive men and patients receiving androgen-deprivation therapy: results from the SEARCH database

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