Energy flow between two hydrodynamically coupled particles kept at different effective temperatures

Bérut, Antoine; Petrosyan, Artyom; Ciliberto, S.

doi:10.1209/0295-5075/107/60004

Cited by 47 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Recent works have shown that exerting random forces on a microscopic particle one can accurately tune the effective kinetic temperature of the particle both under equilibrium [20][21][22] and nonequilibrium driving [23]. However, the application of such a technique to implement nonisothermal processes has not been fully exploited yet [24].…”

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confidence: 99%

Adiabatic Processes Realized with a Trapped Brownian Particle

et al. 2015

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The ability to implement adiabatic processes in the mesoscale is of key importance in the study of artificial or biological micro-and nanoengines. Microadiabatic processes have been elusive to experimental implementation due to the difficulty in isolating Brownian particles from their fluctuating environment. Here we report on the experimental realization of a microscopic quasistatic adiabatic process employing a trapped Brownian particle. We circumvent the complete isolation of the Brownian particle by designing a protocol where both characteristic volume and temperature of the system are changed in such a way that the entropy of the system is conserved along the process. We compare the protocols that follow from either the overdamped or underdamped descriptions, demonstrating that the latter is mandatory in order to obtain a vanishing average heat flux to the particle. We provide analytical expressions for the distributions of the fluctuating heat and entropy and verify them experimentally. Our protocols could serve to implement the first microscopic engine that is able to attain the fundamental limit for the efficiency set by Carnot. [15,17,18].Until now, the design of microscopic heat engines has been restricted to those cycles formed by isothermal processes or instantaneous temperature changes [16], where the validity of a heat fluctuation theorem has been tested [19]. Recent works have shown that exerting random forces on a microscopic particle one can accurately tune the effective kinetic temperature of the particle both under equilibrium [20][21][22] and nonequilibrium driving [23]. However, the application of such a technique to implement nonisothermal processes has not been fully exploited yet [24].Among all the nonisothermal processes, adiabatic processes are of major importance in thermodynamics since they are the building blocks of the Carnot engine [25]. Microadiabaticity, i.e., true adiabaticity (TA) at the microscopic scale, cannot be realized for single trajectories due to the unavoidable heat flows between microscopic systems and their surroundings. However, a process where no net heat transfer is obtained when averaged over many trajectories, or mean adiabatic (MA) could, in principle, be realized. For simplicity, we will refer in the following MA processes as adiabatic processes.The notion of microadiabaticity has been studied theoretically since the first models of microscopic heat engines [26]. Schmiedl and Seifert devised a Brownian heat engine with two instantaneous steps in which the positional Shannon entropy of the system is conserved [27]. Further theoretical developments have considered the case of adiabatic processes in the underdamped limit [28,29]. The first experimental studies of microscopic heat engines [16] and nonisothermal processes [19] have not realized the case of adiabatic processes in the mesoscale yet.In this Letter, we report on the realization of quasistatic adiabatic processes with an optically trapped microparticle whose kinetic temperature is controlled by means ...

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Adiabatic Processes Realized with a Trapped Brownian Particle

et al. 2015

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“…To investigate this further we now consider the energy transferred between the two microspheres in the system. Energy transfer between hydrodynamically coupled microspheres has previously been considered for the case of two particles held out of equilibrium at different effective temperatures [31]. In our case, the hydrodynamic flow generated by the actuator does work on the optically trapped probe microsphere to move it away from its equilibrium position in the harmonic potential of the stationary optical trap.…”

Section: Energy Transfer Between the Actuator And Probe Microspheresmentioning

confidence: 98%

‘Lissajous-like’ trajectories in optical tweezers

et al. 2015

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When a microscopic particle moves through a low Reynolds number fluid, it creates a flow-field which exerts hydrodynamic forces on surrounding particles. In this work we study the 'Lissajous-like' trajectories of an optically trapped 'probe' microsphere as it is subjected to timevarying oscillatory hydrodynamic flow-fields created by a nearby moving particle (the 'actuator'). We show a breaking of time-reversal symmetry in the motion of the probe when the driving motion of the actuator is itself time-reversal symmetric. This symmetry breaking results in a fluidpumping effect, which arises due to the action of both a time-dependent hydrodynamic flow and a position-dependent optical restoring force, which together determine the trajectory of the probe particle. We study this situation experimentally, and show that the form of the trajectories observed is in good agreement with Stokesian dynamics simulations. Our results are related to the techniques of active micro-rheology and flow measurement, and also highlight how the mere presence of an optical trap can perturb the environment it is in place to measure.

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“…For example, one could be interested in the response to temperature variations of a glassy system undergoing a relaxation process [32,33]. Alternatively, a nonequilibrium steady state may be imposed by putting the system in contact with two reservoirs at different temperatures [34,35]. It is the case of an experiment recently realized with a simple desktop electric circuit in which * baiesi@pd.infn.it † yolcu@pd.infn.it one resistor was kept at room temperature while the other was maintained at a lower temperature [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal response of nonequilibriumRCcircuits

Baiesi¹,

Ciliberto²,

Falasco³

et al. 2016

Phys. Rev. E

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We analyze experimental data obtained from an electrical circuit having components at different temperatures, showing how to predict its response to temperature variations. This illustrates in detail how to utilize a recent linear response theory for nonequilibrium overdamped stochastic systems. To validate these results, we introduce a reweighting procedure that mimics the actual realization of the perturbation and allows extracting the susceptibility of the system from steady state data. This procedure is closely related to other fluctuationresponse relations based on the knowledge of the steady state probability distribution. As an example, we show that the nonequilibrium heat capacity in general does not correspond to the correlation between the energy of the system and the heat flowing into it. Rather, also non-dissipative aspects are relevant in the nonequilbrium fluctuation response relations.

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Energy flow between two hydrodynamically coupled particles kept at different effective temperatures

Cited by 47 publications

References 36 publications

Adiabatic Processes Realized with a Trapped Brownian Particle

Adiabatic Processes Realized with a Trapped Brownian Particle

‘Lissajous-like’ trajectories in optical tweezers

Thermal response of nonequilibriumRCcircuits

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