Energy efficient zone based routing protocol for MANETs

Abstract

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) are self-configuring infrastructureless networks of mobile devices connected via wireless links. Each device can send and receive data, but it should also forward traffic unrelated to its own use. All need to maintain their autonomy, and effectively preserve their resources (e.g. battery power). Moreover, they can leave the network at any time. Their intrinsic dynamicity and fault tolerance makes them suitable for applications, such as emergency response and disaster relief, when infrastructure is nonexistent or damaged due to natural disasters, such as earthquakes and flooding, as well as more mundane, day-today , uses where their flexibility would be advantageous. Routing is the fundamental research issue for such networks and refers to finding and maintaining routes between nodes. Moreover, it involves selecting the best route where many may be available. However, due to the freedom of movement of nodes, new routes need to be constantly recalculated. Most routing protocols use pure broadcasting to discover new routes, which takes up a substantial amount of bandwidth. Intelligent rebroadcasting reduces these overheads by calculating the usefulness of a rebroadcast, and the likelihood of message collisions. Unfortunately, this introduces latency and parts of the network may become unreachable. This paper discusses the Zone based Routing with Parallel Collision Guided Broadcasting Protocol (ZCG) that uses parallel and distributed broadcasting technique [8] to reduce redundant broadcasting and to accelerate the path discovery process, while maintaining a high reachability ratio as well as keeping node energy consumption low. ZCG uses a one hop clustering algorithm that splits the network into zones led by reliable leaders that are mostly static and have plentiful battery resources. The performance characteristics of the ZCG protocol are established through simulations by comparing it to other well-known routing protocols, namely the: AODV and DSR. It emerges that ZCG performs well under many circumstances.

Probabilistic monitoring in intrusion detection module for energy efficiency in mobile ad hoc networks

“…Authors in Ref. 17 propose an energy-efficient zone based routing protocol through an intelligent rebroadcasting to reduce the overhead. Their proposal uses distributed and parallel broadcasting techniques in order to reduce redundancy and accelerate the path discovery process.…”

Performance evaluation of mobile agent based resource management protocol for MANETs

“…3: for zone i = 1 to n do 4: create and deploy MA i from SA to zone-i. 5: end for 6: for zone i=1 to n do 7: for sector q=1 to m do 8: for node s=1 to r do 9: MA i collects status information and computes resource parameters at a node. 10: end for 11: MA i sends collected and computed information of nodes of zone p, sector q to SA.…”

“…The algorithm does topology management by making use of coverage area of each node, and does power management using mean transmission power within the context of wireless ad-hoc networks. The author in recent work [5] uses parallel and distributed broadcasting technique to reduce redundant broadcasting and to accelerate the path discovery process, by maintaining a high reachability ratio as well as keeping node energy consumption less. It uses a one hop clustering algorithm that splits the network into zones, each zone led by reliable leaders which are static/mobile and are rich in battery resources.…”

A Fuzzy-based Adaptive Energy Efficient Load Distribution Scheme in Ad-hoc Networks

“…Additionally, mobility support makes MANETs highly functional in tactical and defense applications [3]. In MANETs, wireless nodes proceed both as an end node (source or destination) and router node which carries forward the data on the behalf of others [4] [60]. However, these wireless nodes operate over small, low powered battery devices.…”

“…Consequently, these rapid advancements in wireless technology have led to the development of intense heterogeneous traffic (e.g., video, images, and audio). Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs) relies on the standard of decentralized architecture and has no infrastructure support [2] [46] [60]. Additionally, mobility support makes MANETs highly functional in tactical and defense applications [3].…”