Ad-hoc networks allow nodes communication without an infrastructure, so they can be used in many environments. This lack of infrastructure introduces many security threats to the nodes in the network. Communication between nodes must be reliable, and protocols for MANETs need to make it possible. Due to the wireless channel and to the possible malicious behavior of nodes, it is necessary to introduce security mechanisms to avoid possible attacks in the network. The introduction of a trust management system on a well-known protocol such as SAODV protocol can protect against more attacks from malicious nodes, making wireless communication reliable and more secure. In this contribution Black hole and gray hole attacks will be detected, so communication will not be disrupted. Moreover, in order to understand as the energy consumption due to additional introduced security mechanisms, an energetic analysis is also performed on SAODV with and without trust management.
Mobile ad-hoc networks allow communication between mobile nodes without the existence of an infrastructure, so they are adaptable also in hostile environments. Using the wireless communication leads to a lack of security. Due to the characteristics of mobile nodes, they have batteries as power source, so their energy is constrained. A routing protocol for MANETs has to take into account this constraint, limiting the amount of used energy. Introducing security measures to protect the network against malicious nodes has an impact on the energy amount required to nodes. To improve security of the network, there are already proposals that use cryptography to secure routing packets. In this contribution, a trust management system is introduced into the well-known protocol SAODV, to protect the network against effective attacks not protected by that protocol. The proposal is evaluated using gray hole attack and comparing performances and energy consumption between the SAODV with and without Trust Management Scheme.
Recently, cellular networking has become really popular, because of its different and growing fields of interest. It is able to satisfy user requirements in terms of Quality of Service, especially when mobility is present, managing hand-over issues in an adequate manner. So, it is very important to decide whether a new connection can be accepted into the system, in order to maximize bandwidth utilization while avoiding quality degradations, with more emphasis for non-tolerant applications. In this paper, the attention is not focused on a particular prediction scheme, but it is shown how a statistical approach can enhance system performance. We employ a general predictor (that can be based on Markov theory, neural networks, data mining approach or similars) and then we integrate it with a threshold-based statistical bandwidth multiplexing scheme in order to propose the Prediction-Based MUltipleXing Call Admission Control (PB-MUX CAC) scheme for cellular networks with mobile hosts. It is able to manage users mobility and to mitigate it, minimizing the amount of wasted bandwidth. Many simulation campaigns have been carried-out, giving us the possibility of evaluating the performance of the proposed idea in terms of number of admitted flows, bandwidth utilization and call blocking/dropping probability.
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