Energy efficient routing with delay guarantee for sensor networks

Abstract

The paper presents a routing algorithm that maximizes the lifetime of a sensor network in which all data packets are destined for a single collection node. Lifetime is maximized by adjusting the number of packets traversing each node. The adjustment is carried out by transmitting over alternative routes. The first part of the paper assumes that the worst case delay resulting from energy efficient routing is less than the maximum tolerable value. Ignoring the delay constraint of the network, the routes are selected as the solution to a linear programming (LP) problem in which the objective is to maximize the minimum lifetime of each node. The solution is implemented in a centralized algorithm, and then approximated by an iterative algorithm based on least cost path routing, in which each step is implemented efficiently in a distributed manner. The second part of the paper incorporates delay guarantee into energy efficient routing by constraining the length of the routing paths from each sensor node to the collection node. Simulations reveal that the lifetime of the network increases significantly by optimal routing, and including delay constraint in energy efficient routing improves the network performance since the delay of the network keeps increasing as the delay constraint is relaxed beyond the value at which the optimal lifetime is achieved.

Predicting Communication Delay and Energy Consumption for IEEE 802.15.4/Zigbee Wireless Sensor Networks

“…The Figure 2 indicates also that our complete analytical model (AM) offers better network lifetime prediction compared with that ignoring overhearing and interference energy waste (AMwithoutOverInterf) which is a similar approach to [1,6] works. In addition, our complete analytical model (AM) predicts network lifetime better than model not considering overhearing energy waste (AMwithoutOverhear) which is a similar approach to [2,4] works.…”

“…The authors in [1,2,4,6] analyzed the network lifetime for wireless sensor networks. The authors in [1,6] considered that the energy cost of a node is the ratio of the total energy consumed over the initial battery energy.…”

“…The authors in [1,6] considered that the energy cost of a node is the ratio of the total energy consumed over the initial battery energy. Thus, the total energy consumed by a node during the network lifetime should be less than its initial energy.…”

“…1) Based on [6], the energy cost C i (t) of a node N i at time t is the ratio of the total energy consumed at time t over the initial battery energy. It can be expressed as follows:…”

“…The third is the analysis model not considering collision due to interference energy waste (noted AMwithoutInterf). The last is the analysis model not considering overhearing and collision due to interference energy waste (noted AMwithoutOverInterf) which is a similar approach to [1,6] works. The Figure 2 indicates that there is a slight difference between network lifetime predicted by our analytical model (AM) and that found by NS-2 simulator.…”