Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol for Selecting Relay Nodes in Underwater Sensor Networks Based on Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process

Abstract

The use of underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) offers great advantages in many automatic observation services such as water monitoring (ocean, sea, etc.) and registering of geological events (landslides, earthquakes). However, UWSNs have many more limitations than terrestrial sensor networks (smaller bandwidth, higher delays, etc.) with new requirements such as low power consumption by nodes or being able to select appropriate routes in a dynamic topology due to water currents and movements. To cope with these problems, the use of a routing protocol is very important. In this paper we propose a routing technique that adapts to changes in the network topology, avoiding multiple retransmissions that would affect its overall performance. This protocol is energy-efficient and is implemented using a fuzzy analytical hierarchical process (FAHP) under multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) to make an intelligent routing decision based on objectives, criteria and alternatives. To select the next node on the route, several comparison matrices are used: number of hops, distances to the sink node, and number of neighbors. The results show that the proposed setup behaves similarly to other existing underwater sensor network routing schemes using fuzzy schemes such as SPRINT.

AODV-EOCW: An Energy-Optimized Combined Weighting AODV Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

“…In recent years, AHP as a multicriteria decision-making solution has been given more focus by WSN and MANET researchers. Pabani [ 28 ] introduced a fuzzy AHP-based method under multicriteria decision-making to make an intelligent routing decision based on objectives, and the method is aimed for selecting relay nodes in underwater sensor networks. Tomar [ 29 ] proposed an AHP-TOPSIS-based method to select the next sensor node to charge in a wireless rechargeable sensor network.…”

Energy-Efficient Data Transmission for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks: A Novel Hierarchical Underwater Wireless Sensor Transmission Framework

“…In these algorithms, the sensors can transmit a smaller amount of data, reducing the energy consumption of sensor nodes. An energy-efficient routing protocol for selecting relay nodes in UWSMs based on the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process was presented in [ 16 ]. To some extent, the average energy consumption of each node in the UWSN receiving and transmitting data was reduced.…”

“…The algorithm can achieve a higher packet delivery ratio and lower average delivery time, while saving energy consumption effectively. The studies in [ 15 , 16 , 17 ] reduced the energy consumption of underwater nodes to a certain extent and extend the service life of the UWSN.…”

“…For transmission tasks that have requirements on transmission and the processing delay, they can only be transmitted to the BS through sensor nodes or sinking nodes. Therefore, other researchers have proposed some effective underwater data compression schemes, as well as energy-efficient UWSN routing protocols [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. These reduce the energy consumption of underwater nodes to a certain extent and extend the service life of the UWSN.…”

Outage-Aware Deployment in Heterogeneous Rayleigh Fading Wireless Sensor Networks

“…Improving the energy-efficiency of WSNs has been the center of attention for numerous work in the literature. Many ideas are leveraged for this purpose, such as arranging efficient active and sleep cycles for sensors to preserve their energy [14]- [16] and optimizing the path that sensory data takes to reach BSs [17]- [23]. Among these ideas, optimizing node deployment has been the highlight of many existing work due to its critical role in network's energy consumption and lifetime.…”