Energy-efficient liquid hydrogen production using cold energy in liquefied natural gas: Process intensification and techno-economic analysis

Kwon, Hweeung; Ngan, Thai; Kim, Jiyong

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.135034

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…A complete knowledge of the cryogenic cycle arrangement and its distance from the optimal arrangement is gained using the CCs, GCCs, and heat exchanger networks as the qualitative indexes obtained from pinch analysis in H 2 liquefaction systems. Next, by altering the design and arrangement of the equipment in the refrigeration process, the optimal arrangement is selected. ,,,,, It is possible to target the overall costs of the system, including the operational costs of energy supply and the initial costs of providing network equipment using CC and GCC diagrams. Thus, by changing Δ T min and calculating the cost of the required level for the network and the cost of providing utility services, the system total cost is calculated for each Δ T min , and then, the lowest total cost required for the system as the target point is determined.…”

Section: Different Methods To Improve the Performance Of Hydrogen Liq...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies To Improve the Performance of Hydrogen Storage Systems by Liquefaction Methods: A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2023

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The main challenges of liquid hydrogen (H2) storage as one of the most promising techniques for large-scale transport and long-term storage include its high specific energy consumption (SEC), low exergy efficiency, high total expenses, and boil-off gas losses. This article reviews different approaches to improving H2 liquefaction methods, including the implementation of absorption cooling cycles (ACCs), ejector cooling units, liquid nitrogen/liquid natural gas (LNG)/liquid air cold energy recovery, cascade liquefaction processes, mixed refrigerant systems, integration with other structures, optimization algorithms, combined with renewable energy sources, and the pinch strategy. This review discusses the economic, safety, and environmental aspects of various improvement techniques for H2 liquefaction systems in more detail. Standards and codes for H2 liquefaction technologies are presented, and the current status and future potentials of H2 liquefaction processes are investigated. The cost-efficient H2 liquefaction systems are those with higher production rates (>100 tonne/day), higher efficiency (>40%), lower SEC (<6 kWh/kgLH2), and lower investment costs (1–2 $/kgLH2). Increasing the stages in the conversion of ortho- to para-H2 lowers the SEC and increases the investment costs. Moreover, using low-temperature waste heat from various industries and renewable energy in the ACC for precooling is significantly more efficient than electricity generation in power generation cycles to be utilized in H2 liquefaction cycles. In addition, the substitution of LNG cold recovery for the precooling cycle is associated with the lower SEC and cost compared to its combination with the precooling cycle.

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Section: Different Methods To Improve the Performance Of Hydrogen Liq...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies To Improve the Performance of Hydrogen Storage Systems by Liquefaction Methods: A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2023

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“…The main hydrogen production methods in China encompass production from coal, natural gas, methanol, etc. Currently, hydrogen production from natural gas is widely used around the world [1,2]. "Blue hydrogen" from natural gas exhibits lower carbon emissions than "gray hydrogen" from coal, and it is more cost-effective than "green hydrogen" produced from water through photovoltaic electrolysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Application of a Multi-Energy Complementary Distributed Energy System Integrating Waste Heat and Surplus Electricity for Hydrogen Production

Yu,

Yang,

Chen

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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To improve the recovery of waste heat and avoid the problem of abandoning wind and solar energy, a multi-energy complementary distributed energy system (MECDES) is proposed, integrating waste heat and surplus electricity for hydrogen storage. The system comprises a combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system with a gas engine (GE), solar and wind power generation, and miniaturized natural gas hydrogen production equipment (MNGHPE). In this novel system, the GE’s waste heat is recycled as water vapor for hydrogen production in the waste heat boiler, while surplus electricity from renewable sources powers the MNGHPE. A mathematical model was developed to simulate hydrogen production in three building types: offices, hotels, and hospitals. Simulation results demonstrate the system’s ability to store waste heat and surplus electricity as hydrogen, thereby providing economic benefit, energy savings, and carbon reduction. Compared with traditional energy supply methods, the integrated system achieves maximum energy savings and carbon emission reduction in office buildings, with an annual primary energy reduction rate of 49.42–85.10% and an annual carbon emission reduction rate of 34.88–47.00%. The hydrogen production’s profit rate is approximately 70%. If the produced hydrogen is supplied to building through a hydrogen fuel cell, the primary energy reduction rate is further decreased by 2.86–3.04%, and the carbon emission reduction rate is further decreased by 12.67–14.26%. This research solves the problem of waste heat and surplus energy in MECDESs by the method of hydrogen storage and system integration. The economic benefits, energy savings, and carbon reduction effects of different building types and different energy allocation scenarios were compared, as well as the profitability of hydrogen production and the factors affecting it. This has a positive technical guidance role for the practical application of MECDESs.

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“…Second, to incorporate LH2 storage tanks into the existing hydrogen refueling infrastructure, provisions to vaporize LH2 onsite before processing must be made. However, conventional technology lacks energy efficiency because the cold energy of LH2 released during the vaporization process is wasted. − Third, the construction of LHRS would incur even higher capital expenditure than that of the GHRS due to the utilization of cryogenic equipment …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy-Efficient and Sustainable Design of a Hydrogen Refueling Station Utilizing the Cold Energy of Liquid Hydrogen

Gong,

Na,

Kim

et al. 2024

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The growing demand for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles requires an energy-efficient and sustainable hydrogen refueling infrastructure. However, conventional gaseous hydrogen refueling stations have limitations in improving energy efficiency and sustainability because they consume a significant amount of electricity during hydrogen compression and cooling processes. Herein, we propose a sustainable design for hydrogen refueling stations that utilizes the cold energy of liquid hydrogen to improve energy efficiency and reduce the life-cycle environmental impact. The process design involves utilizing the cold energy of liquid hydrogen for hydrogen cooling through a heat exchanger and electricity generation through an organic Rankine cycle. Furthermore, the developed process design substantially reduces energy consumption in the hydrogen compression process by using a liquid hydrogen pump instead of a low-pressure (LP) compressor. Energy efficiency analysis and life-cycle assessment were performed to verify that the new design is preferable to the conventional gaseous hydrogen refueling station. Consequently, this study demonstrates the potential of the developed liquid hydrogen refueling system to enhance the sustainability of future hydrogen refueling infrastructures.

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Energy-efficient liquid hydrogen production using cold energy in liquefied natural gas: Process intensification and techno-economic analysis

Cited by 17 publications

References 35 publications

Strategies To Improve the Performance of Hydrogen Storage Systems by Liquefaction Methods: A Comprehensive Review

Strategies To Improve the Performance of Hydrogen Storage Systems by Liquefaction Methods: A Comprehensive Review

Study on the Application of a Multi-Energy Complementary Distributed Energy System Integrating Waste Heat and Surplus Electricity for Hydrogen Production

Energy-Efficient and Sustainable Design of a Hydrogen Refueling Station Utilizing the Cold Energy of Liquid Hydrogen

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