Energy efficient link stable routing in internet of things

Kumar, Kirshna; Kumar, Sushil

doi:10.1007/s41870-018-0141-0

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The research conducted by Kumar et al [23] shares similarities with the proposed approach in this article, however, there is a difference in terms of optimal link selection. In their study, the authors employed a regionbased approach for sending initialization packets While they did not delve into the selection of forwarding regions rather utilized a triangulation region to forward the initialization packet.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 73%

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Location Centric Energy Harvesting Aware Routing Protocol for IoT in Smart Cities

Zeb,

Ghani,

Gohar

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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The advent of battery technology revolutionized power storage for various purposes, including uninterrupted operations of IoT-based Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). However, limited energy sources pose a challenge for sensor nodes. To overcome this, researchers introduced Energy Harvesting (EH) in IoT-based WSNs, enabling them to overcome energy limitations and recharge IoT devices. The shift towards energy harvesting-aware routing is necessary to achieve a near-perpetual network environment. In light of the energy consumption of IoT-based WSN nodes, a simple energy-efficient routing technique is proposed to consume less energy. The protocol incorporates efficient link selection based on the closest angle to the destination node and is divided into two main parts: distributed neighbor discovery and routing processes. By incorporating EH techniques, the proposed model aims to improve network longevity. Experimental results demonstrate successful routing and promising outcomes in terms of energy and utilization techniques. INDEX TERMS Internet of things, smart cities, energy harvesting, routing protocol, energy efficiency I. INTRODUCTION

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…• The state of the art routing techniques such as [9]- [23] has been investigated to find their limitations and to propose a better solution. • A distributed neighbor discovery algorithm is presented to find the neighbors of each node with necessary information such as distance, angle, etc.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Location Centric Energy Harvesting Aware Routing Protocol for IoT in Smart Cities

Zeb,

Ghani,

Gohar

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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“…(1) for each data packet DP do (2) for each node n i ∈ RT do 3if L-QUAL i,j > � L-QUAL then (4) store node n i into NNL-QUAL (5) if NNL-QUAL � � NULL then (6) discard DP immediately (7) else if DP ∈ CD (8) call Delay Aware Procedure (9) else DH � n j ∈ NNL-QUAL Delay Aware Procedure (10) for each node n i ∈ NNL-QUAL do (11) if PD i,j > � PD req then (12) store node n i into NNPD (13) if NNPD � � NULL then (14) discard DP immediately (15) else if NNPD � � 1 then (16) DH � n j ∈ NHPD (17) else call Reliability Aware Procedure Reliability Aware Procedure (18) for each node n i ∈ NNPD do (19) if PR i,j > � PR req then (20) store node n i into NNPR (21) if NNPR � � NULL then (22) DH � n j ∈ NNPD with highest PR i,j (23) else if NNPR � � 1 then (24) DH � n j ∈ NHPR (25) else DH � n j ∈ NNPR ALGORITHM 1: Efficient Route Election procedure (EREP). Journal of Computer Networks and Communications and buffer size, are taken into consideration to compare the proposed scheme with the current scheme.…”

Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IoT plays a remarkable role in improving the quality of life and growing the world's economy [7][8][9]. e Information and Communication Technology (ICT) developments generate more and more objects which are becoming embedded with the sensors and having the ability to communicate with other things and objects, that is, transforming the physical world itself into an information and knowledge system [10,11]. e IoT enables the things/objects in the environment to actively participant using internet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Proposed IoT-Enabled Smart Waste Bin Management System and Efficient Route Selection

Zeb

Ali

Saleem

et al. 2019

Journal of Computer Networks and Communications

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Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging technology that offers promising solutions to modernize the traditional systems. It accords promising result in crystallizing smart cities, smart homes, smart industries, and smart environment. This article presents the smart waste management architecture for smart cities and efficient routing technique considering least delay for the architecture. In wireless sensor networks, end-to-end delay is one of the important Quality of Services (QoS) parameter to overcome delay in data communication. In this article, we consider end-to-end delay minimization in smart waste management application. The term “end-to-end delay” is defined as the total time taken by a single packet to reach the destination node. The proposed scheme considers the interference level, the length of the routing path, and the number of hops along the path. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms current schemes.

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“…The core principle incorporates Neighborhood Heuristics (NHs). In [42], the authors propose an energy-efficient link stable routing (EELSR) to account for the stability of the links and conserve the energy of the smart devices to improve the network lifetime.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable routing and energy-conserved data transmission over wireless sensor networks

Shukry

2021

J Wireless Com Network

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Stable routing and energy conservation over a wireless sensor network (WSN) is a major issue in Internet of Things applications. The network lifetime can be increased when studying this issue with interest. Data transmission is a dominant factor in IoT networks for communication overhead and energy consumption. A proposed efficient node stable routing ($$ENSR$$ ENSR ) protocol is introduced to guarantee the stability of transmission data between the source and destination nodes, in a dynamic WSN conditions. $$ENSR$$ ENSR minimizes energy consumption and selects more stable nodes for packets forwarding. Stability becomes the most important factor that qualifies the node's centrality. A node’s stability is characterized by residual energy, link quality, and number of hops needed to reach the destination from the node. To calculate node's stability, an enhanced centrality concept, known as stable betweenness centrality ($$SBC$$ SBC ) is introduced. In $$ENSR$$ ENSR , at first, some nodes will be selected as the stable forwarding nodes, usually with maximum $$SBC$$ SBC between their neighbors within a limited communication radio range of a particular region. Furthermore, each stable forwarding node then broadcasts its identity, including $$SBC$$ SBC , to the source node separately. The source node can compute a stable path to forward packets to the corresponding stable forwarding node, based on a proper designed stable path routing metric ($$SPRM$$ SPRM ). Then, the stable forwarding node will behave as a new source node and start another stable path routing process until the packets are forwarded and reached to the destination node. In addition, the change of stable nodes over time balances and conserves node energy consumption, thereby mitigating “hot spots”. The proposed routing protocol is validated through simulation. The numerical results show that the proposed protocol outperforms the existing algorithms, global and local reliability-based routing ($$GLRR$$ GLRR ) and reliable energy-aware routing protocol $$(RER)$$ ( R E R ) , in terms of network efficiency and reliability.

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Energy efficient link stable routing in internet of things

Cited by 13 publications

References 29 publications

Location Centric Energy Harvesting Aware Routing Protocol for IoT in Smart Cities

Location Centric Energy Harvesting Aware Routing Protocol for IoT in Smart Cities

A Proposed IoT-Enabled Smart Waste Bin Management System and Efficient Route Selection

Stable routing and energy-conserved data transmission over wireless sensor networks

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