Energy Efficiency for Standard Penetration Tests

Odebrecht, Edgar; Schnaid, Fernando; Rocha, Marcelo Maia; Bernardes, George de Paula

doi:10.1061/(asce)1090-0241(2005)131:10(1252)

Cited by 51 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…However, the authors observed that the hammer drop height may vary due to operator execution procedures. In the present work, the hammer drop height was strictly controlled and maintained the standard value of 0.75 m. Therefore, E R values higher than 100% can be justified by the additional potential energy of the hammer and rods due to the sampler penetration into the soil (Odebrecht et al, 2005).…”

Section: Energy Ratio (E R )mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In this research, two instrumented subassemblies were built, similar to the one developed by Odebrecht et al (2005). Each instrumented subassembly consists of one segment of rod, to which a pair of accelerometers and one load cell have been installed (Fig.…”

Section: Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The amount of energy that is initially delivered to the top of the drill rods, and subsequently transmitted to the sampler, can be significantly influenced by many factors, including the type and shape of hammer, drop height, equipment conditions, the length and mass of the drill rods, secondary impacts, soil conditions, verticality of the test, condition of the trip mechanism, among other variables (Schmertmann & Palacios, 1979;Belincanta & Cintra;1998;2000;Tsai et al, 2004;Odebrecht et al, 2005;Sancio & Bray, 2005;Aoki et al, 2007;Youd et al, 2008;Lee et al, 2010;Reading et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the energy losses in the different mechanical components of the hammer release system and other sources of dissipation, the energy delivered to the rods and sampler is not equal to the nominal potential energy (Schmertmann & Palacios, 1979;Aoki & Cintra, 2000;Odebrecht et al, 2005;Cavalcante et al, 2008;Lukiantchuki, 2012, Santana et al, 2012Lukiantchuki et al, 2015). Thus, the energy ratio of the SPT setup (E R ) (Eq.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some researchers Odebrecht et al, 2005;Santana et al, 2012;Lukiantchuki et al, 2015) have measured energy in a section just above the sampler. However, little data is available due to the difficulty in placing the instrumentation inside the borehole.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Energy Ratio (ER) for the Standard Penetration Test Based on Measured Field Tests

Lukiantchuki¹,

Bernardes²,

Esquivel³

2017

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Abstract. The Standard Penetration Test (SPT) is often used to estimate the soil parameters for geotechnical design projects, using the N SPT index. However, these estimates are performed based on empirical correlations without any scientific basis. Moreover, the test has a large inherent results dispersion due to the use of different types of equipment and execution procedures. Since the N SPT index depends on the amount of energy that is effectively transmitted to the sampler during the hammer fall, it is fundamental to be able to estimate this energy. Given the importance of estimating the energy that reaches the SPT sampler, an instrumented subassembly was developed in order to simultaneously assess the amount of energy transmitted to the drill rods, at sections just above the sampler and just below the anvil. This paper presents a series of SPT experimental results carried out in two different sites located in the State of São Paulo, using two different equipment set-ups (with manual and automatic tripping mechanisms), enabling the assessment of the top and bottom energy ratio under different conditions. Results show that for hand lifting hammer and automatic trip hammer systems the difference in the energy ratio is not significant. However, the dispersion of the results for the hand lifting hammer system is more pronounced due to execution procedures, equipment and operators.

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Section: Energy Ratio (E R )mentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Energy Ratio (ER) for the Standard Penetration Test Based on Measured Field Tests

Lukiantchuki¹,

Bernardes²,

Esquivel³

2017

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Horizontal penetration of a finite-length intruder in granular materials

Zhang

Fuentes

2022

Granular Matter

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In recent years, bio-inspired burrowing robots and other intruder problems in granular media have attracted significant attention. Many of these, especially related to traditional penetration problems in geotechnical engineering, cover vertical penetration. Modelling these types of problems numerically using the discrete element method (DEM) is typically done ignoring gravity by controlling the stresses in the selected representative volume. Additionally, most problems involve infinitely long intruders from a modelling point of view. However, in horizontal penetration there is enough evidence to show that intruders are affected by an uplift force that affects the penetration and needs to be considered. In this paper we use the DEM to demonstrate the impact of considering vertical uplift and gravity for a finite-length intruder penetrating in a dense granular media through particle level and macro-behaviour. Additionally, through the numerical study, important mechanisms emerge during horizontal penetration, including four different distinct stages on the surrounding soil, or the extent of disruption, that are fundamentally distorted when gravity is ignored. Graphical abstract

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Estimation of soil properties of shallow landslide source areas by dynamic penetration tests: first outcomes from Northern Tuscany (Italy)

Avanzi

Galanti

Giannecchini

et al. 2013

Bull Eng Geol Environ

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In Northern Tuscany (Italy) rapid, shallow landslides often cause casualties and severe damage. Aimed at contributing to the characterisation of the source areas of rapid, shallow landslides, this paper deals with the geotechnical parameterisation of the mainly involved soil by means of dynamic penetration tests. The source areas are usually located in difficult access sites, where boring and undisturbed sampling are very hard and onerous. Therefore, the results of 177 dynamic penetration tests were analysed, including dynamic probing (DP) tests and standard penetration tests (SPT). The results of these tests were related to relative density D r and friction angle Φ′ of the soil by means of empirical equations. The distribution and variability of these parameters were analysed and related to soil type, test type and probing depth. The D r and Φ′ values coming from the DP and SPT tests were found to be comparable. The Φ′ values coming from DP tests and direct shear tests showed an acceptable correlation, confirming the utility of the DP tests. The DP test can thus be an effective tool in the estimation of the properties of potentially unstable soil slope covers

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Energy Efficiency for Standard Penetration Tests

Cited by 51 publications

References 7 publications

Energy Ratio (ER) for the Standard Penetration Test Based on Measured Field Tests

Energy Ratio (ER) for the Standard Penetration Test Based on Measured Field Tests

Horizontal penetration of a finite-length intruder in granular materials

Estimation of soil properties of shallow landslide source areas by dynamic penetration tests: first outcomes from Northern Tuscany (Italy)

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