Horizontal penetration of a finite-length intruder in granular materials

Zhang, Ningning; Fuentes, Raúl

doi:10.1007/s10035-022-01281-z

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…18a. This imbalance in contact forces above/below the intruder supports previous studies [22,25,41] that propose that geostatic stress gradients are responsible for the development of granular lift forces that push symmetric intruder towards the free surface.…”

Section: Contact Forces and Liftsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The drag forces increase linearly with depth, while the lift force increases with depth up to a critical depth of $ 10 times the device diameter, after which it remains constant [12,30]. [41] compared 3D DEM simulations of horizontal penetration with and without gravity and showed that most, but not all, of the granular lift is force is induced by gravity. In the quasi-static range, the drag and lift forces are independent of intruder velocity, but beyond the quasi-static range, they increase non-linearly with penetration velocity [30,31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimal tip shape for minimum drag and lift during horizontal penetration in granular media

Patino-Ramirez

O’Sullivan

2023

Acta Geotech.

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Horizontal penetration in granular media is ubiquitous, from tunneling and geotechnical site investigation, to root growth and the locomotion of burrowing animals in nature. This contribution couples the discrete element method (DEM) with ant colony optimisation, a heuristic optimisation algorithm, to find the optimal tip shapes to minimise drag and lift forces during horizontal penetration. The tip which minimizes drag has a slender profile with a low tip curvature, to give a drag force that is $$15.6\%$$ 15.6 % lower compared to a conventional CPT intruder, however this shape induces a downwards force that increases with intruder depth. Conversely, the tip that minimizes lift is blunt, with a high tip curvature and short width, and reduces the drag and lift forces by $$4.5\%$$ 4.5 % and $$30.8\%$$ 30.8 % (respectively) compared to the CPT. The lift and drag forces are competing optimisation objectives, thus the tip shape with the optimal trade-off between drag and lift forces can be established using Pareto optimality. The Pareto optimal tip shape reduces the drag and lift forces by $$10.7\%$$ 10.7 % and $$19.4\%$$ 19.4 % respectively, and is strikingly similar to the profile of a sandfish. This contribution shows that when a common goal exists, bio-inspired solutions can offer an optimal solution to engineering applications. We also show the potential to integrate DEM simulations within an optimization framework to develop innovative design solutions.

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Section: Contact Forces and Liftsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal tip shape for minimum drag and lift during horizontal penetration in granular media

Patino-Ramirez

O’Sullivan

2023

Acta Geotech.

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“…The lift force propels symmetric intruders moving horizontally toward the free surface (Maladen et al 2011, Potiguar and Ding 2013, Guillard et al 2014, and is affected by the shape of the intruder tip and inclination (Maladen et al 2011, Tripura et al 2022. Zhang and Fuentes (2022) demonstrated that gravity accounts for most granular lift force using 3D discrete element method (DEM) simulations. In granular materials, the resistive drag forces that develop around the intruder act as barriers to penetration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomimetic intruder tip design for horizontal penetration into a granular pile

Sandeep,

Evans

2023

Bioinspir. Biomim.

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In nature, woodpeckers peck trees with no reported brain injury. A highly functional system comprising a hyoid bone, smooth skull, straight pointed beak with varying lengths of upper and lower beak bones, and rhamphotheca is one of the adaptations that enable efficient pecking. Soil penetration is an energy-intensive procedure used in civil infrastructure applications and is often followed by pushing, impact driving, and digging. This study uses discrete element modeling to evaluate the effect of woodpecker beak mimetic intruder tip design with wedge offsets on lift and drag forces during horizontal penetration into granular piles. The findings show that the wedge offsets of the intruder have a negligible effect on drag forces. By contrast, lift forces can be manipulated by adjusting the top and bottom offsets of the intruder, which can be used to guide the intruder upward, downwards, or horizontally. Furthermore, as the width of the intruder increased, the lift and drag forces also increased.

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Investigating projectile penetration into immersed granular beds via CFD-DEM coupling

Lin,

Zhao,

Jiang

2023

Granular Matter

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Projectile penetration into an immersed granular bed is a common phenomenon in both geophysics and engineering, encompassing various scenarios such as immersed crater formation and offshore soil-structure interaction. It involves the complex physical interaction between the fluid and granular materials. In this study, we investigate the dynamics of projectile penetration into a granular bed immersed in a fluid using a coupled computational fluid dynamics and discrete element method (CFD-DEM). The granular bed is composed of polydisperse particles, and the projectile is modeled as a rigid sphere. The morphology of crater formation, the dynamics of the projectile, and the drag force characteristics in immersed cases were studied in detail and compared to the dry scenario. The numerical results show that the final penetration depth of the projectile follows an empirical relation derived from experimental observations, where the falling height and the drag force during penetration obey a power-law function and a modified generalized Poncelet law, respectively. The interstitial fluid not only provides direct drag force, but also enhances the effective drag force of the granular bed by improving its generalized friction and effective viscosity in different configurations. Micro-analyses of the velocity evolution and contact force network in different stages of the fluid–solid interaction were performed to clarify the penetration dynamics. This research provides insights into the mechanisms of projectile penetration and the effects of interstitial fluid on granular media, which are crucial in engineering applications such as offshore anchoring, ball penetration tests in soft sediments, and soil-structure interactions. Graphical Abstract

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Horizontal penetration of a finite-length intruder in granular materials

Cited by 7 publications

References 52 publications

Optimal tip shape for minimum drag and lift during horizontal penetration in granular media

Optimal tip shape for minimum drag and lift during horizontal penetration in granular media

Biomimetic intruder tip design for horizontal penetration into a granular pile

Investigating projectile penetration into immersed granular beds via CFD-DEM coupling

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