Energy efficiency and the influence of gas burners to the energy related carbon dioxide emissions of electric arc furnaces in steel industry

Kirschen, Marcus; Risonarta, Victor Yuardi; Pfeifer, Herbert

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2009.04.015

Cited by 101 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…GHG emission was reduced not only during the process itself, but also in the coke production process for less coke needed. Besides, production type of recycled steel-EAF is effective in reducing the GHG emission, due to the high proportion of recycled scrap and the use of electrical energy [10]. Increasing the ratio of DRI and recycled iron and steel will be efficient measures in reducing GHG emission, only if corresponding technique is available [38].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the Regional Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emission of Industrial Processes: A Case Study of Shenyang, China

et al. 2014

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This paper examines the GHG emission of industrial process in Shenyang city, in the Liaoning province of China, using the 2006 IPCC greenhouse gas inventory guideline. Results show that the total GHG emissions of industrial process has increased, from 1.48 Mt in 2004 to 4.06 Mt in 2009, except for a little decrease in 2008. The cement industry, and iron and steel industries, are the main emission sources, accounting for more than 90% of the total carbon emissions. GHG emissions in 2020 are estimated based on scenario analysis. The research indicates that the cement industry, and iron and steel industries, will still be the largest emission sources, and the total carbon emissions under the business as usual (BAU) scenario will be doubled in 2020 compared with that of 2009. However, when countermeasures are taken, the GHG emission will reduce significantly. Using more clinker substitutes for blended cement, and increasing direct reduction iron process and recycled steel scraps are efficient measures in reducing GHG emission. Scenario 4, which has the highest ratio of 30/70 blended cement and the highest ratio of steel with recycled steel-EAF process, is the best one. In this scenario, the industrial process GHG emission in 2020 can almost stay the same as that of 2009. From the perspective of regions, cement industry and iron and steel industry accounted for the vast majority of GHG emission in all industries. Meanwhile, these two industries become the OPEN ACCESSSustainability 2014, 6 3670 most potential industries for reduction of GHG emission. This study provides an insight for GHG emission of different industries at the scale of cities in China.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the Regional Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emission of Industrial Processes: A Case Study of Shenyang, China

et al. 2014

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“…De acordo com Kirchen et. al [1], as entradas e saídas de energia em um FEA ocorrem de várias formas. A equação 1, apresenta o balanço de energia do FEA proposto por [2]:…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Vários autores [1,2,3] discutem os fatores importantes para se atingir a eficiência energética em um FEA. Os fatores mais importantes são listados a seguir: a) Correta estratificação da carga metálica no interior do FEA, essencial para a fusão uniforme e sem interrupções, b) Ajuste fino do programa de potência visando tempos e valores corretos de Corrente (I) e tensão (V) nas etapas de perfuração e fusão da sucata e refino da carga; c) Ajuste correto do programa químico visando melhor relação O2-gás natural (GN) garantindo mistura perfeita para combustão e vazão supersônica.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Avaliação Da Eficiência Energética E Da Formação De Feo Do Fea Da VSBM

Goulart¹,

Oliveira²,

Junior³

et al. 2017

Anais Do Seminário De Aciaria, Fundição E Metalurgia De Não-Ferrosos

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ResumoCom o objetivo de avaliar a estabilidade do processo do FEA 1 da gerência de Aciaria Elétrica da Votorantim Siderurgia unidade Barra Mansa (VSBM) e de entender a eficiência energética e a formação de FeO no interior do forno, análises foram realizadas durante três meses envolvendo os parâmetros associados a essas variáveis. Foram avaliados consumos de energia elétrica e a energia química, considerando a composição química do mix de sucatas e o uso dos queimadores de gás natural. Notou-se que as condições da escória na etapa de refino não são ideais para a espumação, implicando em maiores perdas térmicas para as paredes do FEA. Para a formação de FeO, foi avaliada a quantidade de coque injetado adicionada e também a relação entre oxigênio e gusa equivalente da carga. Para a melhoria da eficiência energética são propostas melhoria de injeção e adição de insumos de forma que o consumo de energia elétrica possa ser reduzido e o rendimento metálico o maior possível, de forma a garantir um processo que possa manter o produto competitivo no mercado. Palavras-chave: Energia elétrica; Rendimento metálico; Escória; FEA; Estabilidade operacional. EVALUATION OF THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND FEO FORMATION IN THE VSBM EAF AbstractIn order to assess the process stability of the EAF 1, in Steelmaking Management at Votorantim's Steel Mill and to understand the energy efficiency and FeO formation, the parameters related with these variables were collected and analyzed during three months. Energy consumption, including Electrical and chemical energy based on the chemical composition of the scrap and chemical energy from the natural gas burners were measured. The slag composition indicated that the conditions for foaming were not being achieved and thus, a significant thermal loss to the furnace walls could be expected. For the FeO formation, the amount of injected coke added and also the relationship between oxygen and equivalent load pig iron was evaluated. At the end of the work, some recommendations related to the improvement of the carbon injection and its form are proposed, to achieve a lower electric power input and a high metal yield, to ensure a process that can maintain a competitive position on the market.

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“…Based on this share and the total final energy intensity of the EAF production line from Table 27 (7.3 GJ/tonne crude steel), the electricity intensity of the EAF production line is calculated to be 917.6 kWh/tonne crude steel. This value is in an acceptable range based on the Stubbles (2000) and Kirschen (2009). The fuel intensity is then calculated by subtracting the electricity intensity from the total final energy intensity.…”

Section: Combined Ei = Ei Of Eaf * Eaf Ratio + Ei Of Bf-bof * Bf-bof mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of iron and steel production energy use and energy intensity in China and the U.S.

Hasanbeigi

Price

Aden

et al. 2014

Journal of Cleaner Production

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Production of iron and steel is an energy-intensive manufacturing process. In 2006, the iron and steel industry accounted for 13.6% and 1.4% of primary energy consumption in China and the U.S., respectively (U.S. DOE/EIA, 2010a; Zhang et al., 2010). The energy efficiency of steel production has a direct impact on overall energy consumption and related carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions. The goal of this study is to develop a methodology for making an accurate comparison of the energy intensity (energy use per unit of steel produced) of steel production. The methodology is applied to the steel industry in China and the U.S. The methodology addresses issues related to boundary definitions, conversion factors, and indicators in order to develop a common framework for comparing steel industry energy use.This study uses a bottom-up, physical-based method to compare the energy intensity of China and U.S. crude steel production in 2006. This year was chosen in order to maximize the availability of comparable steel-sector data. However, data published in China and the U.S. are not always consistent in terms of analytical scope, conversion factors, and information on adoption of energy-saving technologies. This study is primarily based on published annual data from the China Iron & Steel Association and National Bureau of Statistics in China and the Energy Information Agency in the U.S. This report found that the energy intensity of steel production is lower in the United States than China primarily due to structural differences in the steel industry in these two countries. In order to understand the differences in energy intensity of steel production in both countries, this report identified key determinants of sector energy use in both countries. Five determinants analyzed in this report include: share of electric arc furnaces in total steel production, sector penetration of energy-efficiency technologies, scale of production equipment, fuel shares in the iron and steel industry, and final steel product mix in both countries. The share of lower energy intensity electric arc furnace production in each country was a key determinant of total steel sector energy efficiency. Overall steel sector structure, in terms of average plant vintage and production capacity, is also an important variable though data were not available to quantify this in a scenario. The methodology developed in this report, along with the accompanying quantitative and qualitative analyses, provides a foundation for comparative international assessment of steel sector energy intensity.

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Energy efficiency and the influence of gas burners to the energy related carbon dioxide emissions of electric arc furnaces in steel industry

Cited by 101 publications

References 11 publications

Insights into the Regional Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emission of Industrial Processes: A Case Study of Shenyang, China

Insights into the Regional Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emission of Industrial Processes: A Case Study of Shenyang, China

Avaliação Da Eficiência Energética E Da Formação De Feo Do Fea Da VSBM

Comparison of iron and steel production energy use and energy intensity in China and the U.S.

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