Energy Drinks, Race, and Problem Behaviors Among College Students

Miller, Kathleen E.

doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.03.003

Cited by 284 publications

(376 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…Previous research on US college students also indicated higher consumption among White students, but the comparison was with Black students only. 17 Adolescents who reported tobacco use, cannabis use or nonmedicinal use of prescription drugs in the previous year, or reported binge drinking in the previous month, were at greater odds of having consumed an energy drink. These findings are consistent with findings from studies of college students that indicate that substance use behaviours tend to cluster within individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sparse research that has been conducted suggests that the consumption of energy drinks is correlated with heavy alcohol use, licit and illicit drug use, impulsivity, and risk-taking behaviours, including fighting and risky sexual behaviours. 7,10,[17][18][19] Much of this research, however, has focused on consumption among college or university students and involves samples that are non-generalizable. 7,10,17 Despite attention from media and regulatory agencies that highlight concerns about energy drinks, there is a gap in the research literature with regard to consumption among adolescents.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7,10,[17][18][19] Much of this research, however, has focused on consumption among college or university students and involves samples that are non-generalizable. 7,10,17 Despite attention from media and regulatory agencies that highlight concerns about energy drinks, there is a gap in the research literature with regard to consumption among adolescents. This study will address this gap by investigating demographic factors, academic performance, substance use, sensation-seeking, and injury as correlates of energy drink consumption.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Energy Drink Consumption and Associations With Demographic Characteristics, Drug Use and Injury Among Adolescents

Hamilton

Boak

Ilie

et al. 2013

Can J Public Health

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, a 16% increase over the previous year. 2 Caffeine is the primary active ingredient in energy drinks, but the level of caffeine content varies widely across the many brands sold. 1,3 The caffeine content per 250 mL of an energy drink is usually 80-140 mg or the equivalent of two cans of cola or a 6-oz to 8-oz cup of coffee. [3][4][5] There are, however, energy drinks with caffeine content of up to 500 mg per can. 3,4 Additional ingredients include amino acid, vitamins, herbs, and other supplements purported to boost energy, alertness, and mental performance. 6 The short-and long-term health effects of many of these ingredients, and energy drink consumption in general, are for the most part unknown. 1,[7][8][9] Energy drinks are often aggressively marketed to adolescents through carefully crafted campaigns, including sponsorship of events that appeal to this age group (e.g., snowboarding), and product placement in video games and social media. 4,10,11 Easy access from a convenience store, appealing names (e.g., Red Bull®, Rockstar®, Full Throttle®), product claims of greater stamina, alertness and energy, 12 and perceptions of energy drinks as a "legal drug", 13 make these drinks particularly appealing to adolescents. Reports indicate that the main consumers of energy drinks are adolescents and young adults, 6,7 with between 30% and 50% of adolescents and young adults consuming energy drinks. 7,11 Yet, there is relatively little empirical data on the health and behavioural effects of energy drinks. There is research indicating that energy drink consumption helps to improve attention, maintain or improve performance on some difficult activities, and decrease reaction times. 14,15 There is also evidence of adverse consequences such as seizures, difficulty sleeping, cardiac arrhythmia, and even death. 1,6,7 In the US, there was a twofold increase in the number of visits to emergency departments between 2007 (10,068 visits) and 2011 (20,783 visits) that involved energy drinks, with 12-17 year olds accounting for 11.4% and 7.2% of those visits in 2007 and 2011, respectively. 16 In addition to questions about the health effects of energy drinks, there are questions about the demographic, social, and behavioural correlates of energy drink consumption among adolescents. The sparse research that has been conducted suggests that the consumption of energy drinks is correlated with heavy alcohol use, licit and illicit drug use, impulsivity, and risk-taking behaviours, including fighting and risky sexual behaviours. 7,10,[17][18][19] ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To examine energy drink consumption and its association with demographic characteristics, drug use, and injury among adolescents. METHODS:Data on 4,342 adolescents were derived from the 2011 Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey, a province-wide school-based survey of students in grades 7 through 12. The survey was based on a two-stage cluster design and analyses include appropriate adjustments for the complex sample design. RESULTS:Overall, 49.6% of adolescents had ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Energy Drink Consumption and Associations With Demographic Characteristics, Drug Use and Injury Among Adolescents

Hamilton

Boak

Ilie

et al. 2013

Can J Public Health

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“…Co-administration of alcohol with ED resulted in increased alcohol consumption by the users of AwED (7) and users of AwED were more likely to exhibit high-risk behaviours, which included being more likely to take advantage of someone sexually or be taken advantage of sexually, riding with a driver who was under the influence of alcohol and being injured or requiring medical treatment (10,27) .…”

Section: Adolescents' Use Of Alcohol With Energy Drinksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy drinks and other dietary supplement use among adolescents attending secondary schools in Trinidad and Tobago

Babwah¹,

Maharaj

Nunes

2014

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: The objective of the present study was to determine the knowledge and practices among Trinidad and Tobago school-attending adolescents towards energy drinks (ED), alcohol combined with energy drinks (AwED), weightaltering supplements (WAS) and vitamin/mineral supplements (VMS) and their experience of adverse effects associated with such use. Design: A cross-sectional, proportionate, stratified sampling strategy was adopted using a self-administered, de novo questionnaire. Setting: Secondary schools throughout Trinidad and Tobago. Subjects: Students aged 15-19 years. Results: Five hundred and sixty-one students participated, an 84 % response rate; 43?0 % were male, 40?5 % East Indian and 34?1 % mixed race. VMS, ED, WAS and anabolic steroids were used by 52?4 %, 44?0 %, 8?9 % and 1?4 % of students, respectively, with 51?6 % of ED users using AwED. Predictors of use of AwED were males and students who played sport for their school (OR 5 1?9; 95 % CI 1?2, 3?2 and OR 5 2?6; 95 % CI 1?4, 4?7, respectively). Predictors of ED use were males and attendees of government secondary schools (OR 5 1?7; 95 % CI 1?1, 2?4 and OR 5 1?7; 95 % CI 1?2, 2?4, respectively). Side-effects, mainly palpitations, headaches and sleep disturbances, were reported in 20?7 % of dietary supplement users. Conclusions: Many adolescent students in Trinidad and Tobago use dietary supplements, including ED and AwED, and about one-fifth of users experience side-effects. Identification of students at risk for ED, AwED and WAS use and education of students about the dangers of using dietary supplements need to be instituted to prevent potential adverse events.

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