Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Microanalysis

Whallon, Joanne H.; Flegler, Stanley L.; Klomparens, Karen L.

doi:10.2307/1311163

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The reason for overall low frequency of Al detection in the organelles from inner cell layers even in the presence of 0.5 m M Al may be due to the type and complexity of the embryogenic cell clusters, which may have slowed the rate of Al movement to the inner cell layers. Whallon et al (1989) have reported that a realistic minimum concentration detectable by EDX may be approximately 0.1% by weight. It is probable that Al ions entering the cells were sufficiently concentrated (or complexed with organic or inorganic compounds) to be detectable in the dense areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of aluminum in red spruce (Picea rubens) cell cultures: Cell growth and viability, mitochondrial activity, ultrastructure and potential sites of intracellular aluminum accumulation

Minocha¹,

McQuattie²,

Fagerberg³

et al. 2001

Physiologia Plantarum

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The effects of Al on red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) cell suspension cultures were examined using biochemical, stereological and microscopic methods. Exposure to Al for 24–48 h resulted in a loss of cell viability, inhibition of growth and a significant decrease in mitochondrial activity. Soluble protein content increased in cells treated with Al. Using energy‐dispersive X‐ray microanalysis on sections of freeze‐substituted cells that had no obvious disruption in cytoplasmic or cell wall structure, Al (always in the presence of P) was detected in dense regions in cell walls, cytoplasm, plastids and vacuoles after 48 h exposure to Al. Stereological quantification of spruce cell structure showed that, after 24 h of Al treatment, intact cells had increased vacuolar and total cell volume, but the nuclear volume did not change. In addition, Al treatment resulted in increased surface area of Golgi membranes and endoplasmic reticulum. The biochemical and ultrastructural alterations in red spruce cells, in combination with the presence of Al in cellular organelles of visually intact cells, suggest that Al movement occurred across the plasma membrane without major cellular disruption. Detailed short‐term time course studies are needed to determine if intracellular Al in these cells results from its passage into cells through submicroscopic lesions in the plasma membrane or it is taken up into the symplast through the intact membrane by an active, but slow, process.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of aluminum in red spruce (Picea rubens) cell cultures: Cell growth and viability, mitochondrial activity, ultrastructure and potential sites of intracellular aluminum accumulation

Minocha¹,

McQuattie²,

Fagerberg³

et al. 2001

Physiologia Plantarum

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“…Así podemos entender mejor cómo los cuatro niveles de complejidad lingüística mencionados en el modelo anterior no debieron de crearse en una línea uniforme y continua. Las dos primeras funciones parecen estar plenamente configuradas en las comunidades de primates, siendo la función descriptiva la que más tiempo tardó en desarrollarse, mientras que la argumentativa, según el registro arqueológico, se desarrolló de una manera más o menos rápida con el inicio del Paleolítico superior (Davidson y Noble, 1992Mellars, 1989Mellars, , 1998Whallon, 1989).…”

Section: El Lenguaje En El Registro Arqueológicounclassified

“…Conductualmente, podemos apreciar una forma de vida más compleja que en el periodo anterior, aunque el escaso simbolismo se refleja tanto en sus aspectos sociales (subsistencia de recolección y caza algo más deliberada, organización social elemental, baja densidad demográfica, pequeños yacimientos e interacción social escasa), como en los de matiz más abstracto, como los enterramientos en el Próximo Oriente (Skhül y Qafzeh). Igualmente tenemos una mayor complejidad tecnológica (Mellars, 1989;Whallon, 1989), presentando:…”

Section: A Homo Sapiens Modernounclassified

Arqueología del lenguaje en el proceso evolutivo del Género Homo

Arrizabalaga¹

1998

ETFI

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Las siguientes páginas prestan atención al papel desempeñado por el lenguaje en el proceso evolutivo del Género Homo. Las diferentes relaciones neurológicas que se establecen en el cerebro según los diferentes niveles de lenguaje y las posibilidades anatómicas de su empleo en cada tipo tiumano. Todo ello contrastado con los datos que aporta el registro arqueológico, cruzando informaciones procedentes de la neurología, la psicología y la arqueología.Thíe following pages deal witfi the role played by ttie lenguage in ttie evolutionary fiuman emerging process. Ttie different neurologic relationships developed among the mind and the human anathomic changes. Everything is compared to Ítems of archaeological record, adding some neurological, psicological and archaeological information.

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“…Energy dispersive analysis for X-ray (EDXA) is a non-destructive technique whereby the sample can be analyzed several times at different locations and magnifications [1,2]. X-ray microanalysis has been used successfully in many research disciplines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Characterization of Tegumental Spines of Four Digenean Species Using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Microanalysis (Edxa)

NA¹,

HE²,

AI³

2012

Int J Parasitol Res

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Abstract-The tegumental spines around the attachment organs in four species of digenetic trematodes namely; Fasciola gigantica, Schistosoma heamatobium, Cynodiplostomum azimi and Aporchis massiliensis were evaluated with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDXA) for three chemical elements: sulphur, calcium and phosphorus at three regions of spine (tip, middle and base) and the average was recorded. Weight percent (wt %) of each chemical element for each digenean at different regions was recorded and analyzed for probability using SPSS computer program. The pattern of element distribution showed significant specific characteristics. In F. gigantica (distome type), sulphur had the highest concentration followed by calcium then phosphorous, in Aporchis massiliensis (echinostome type), calcium concentration was the highest followed by sulphur while phosphorous was completely absent. In S. heamatobium (shistosome type) and C. azimi (holostome type), which follow the same pattern, phosphorous had the highest concentration followed by sulphur then calcium. The functional significance of the variations in element distribution in different parts of the spines in diverse digenean types is most likely related to the habitat richness with these elements in addition to the ability of these digenean types to metabolize and make use of these elements.

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Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Microanalysis

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Effects of aluminum in red spruce (Picea rubens) cell cultures: Cell growth and viability, mitochondrial activity, ultrastructure and potential sites of intracellular aluminum accumulation

Effects of aluminum in red spruce (Picea rubens) cell cultures: Cell growth and viability, mitochondrial activity, ultrastructure and potential sites of intracellular aluminum accumulation

Arqueología del lenguaje en el proceso evolutivo del Género Homo

Chemical Characterization of Tegumental Spines of Four Digenean Species Using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Microanalysis (Edxa)

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