Energy-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Methods for Environmental Characterization of Soils

Goldstein, Steven J.; Slemmons, and Alice K.; Canavan, Heather E.

doi:10.1021/es950744q

Cited by 36 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In this work duplicate measurements of samples were seen to vary by between 1.9% and 69% for lead and between 26% and 170% for arsenic highlighting precision issues. Goldstein et al [9] also observed a positive bias for XRF arsenic measurements in soils compared to ICP data after a microwave acid leaching procedure similar to the method described here. They note that "the XRF technique is measuring total amounts of analyte, whereas standard EPA methods are measuring only the nitric acid-digestible part of the soil and not the matrix".…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 55%

Calibration and Evaluation of an X-Ray Fluorescence Method for the Determination of Lead and Arsenic in Soils

DiScenza¹,

Keimowitz

Fitzgerald³

2014

J Environ Anal Chem

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 55%

Calibration and Evaluation of an X-Ray Fluorescence Method for the Determination of Lead and Arsenic in Soils

DiScenza¹,

Keimowitz

Fitzgerald³

2014

J Environ Anal Chem

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“…X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy compared with wet chemistry methods for geochemical characterization of soils offers reasonably high accuracy for a range of elements (Goldstein et al, 1996;Kalnicky and Singhvi, 2001). This has led to the development of an established screening method for pXRF in on-site analysis of soils and sediments in the United States of America (United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2007;Soil Survey Staff, 2014).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Use of Vis‐NIR, MIR, and XRF Spectroscopy for the Determination of Soil Geochemistry

O’Rourke

Minasny

Holden

et al. 2016

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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Proposed legislation to secure and maintain soil quality in Europe has generated interest surrounding how best to characterize soil geochemistry, and how to assess and monitor soil contamination. Visible-near infrared (vis-NIr), mid-infrared (MIr), and portable X-ray fluorescence (pXrF) spectroscopy can reduce time and cost associated with new soil monitoring programs. Before becoming deployable, accuracy of these techniques needs to be quantified. This study investigated potential of these techniques to characterize a full suite of soil geochemistry (40 elements), pH, and soil organic carbon (SOC) in a diverse set of agricultural soils from the Irish National Soil Database (NSDB) archive. Cubist models were employed to assess goodness of fit from spectrally derived estimates of each soil property. Then a model ensemble, or model averaging, approach was tested to examine if combining model outcomes of either vis-NIr or MIr with pXrF could improve accuracy of soil property prediction. In total, 15 of the 42 soil properties could be predicted to a good accuracy status using individual spectral methods, mostly achieved by MIr and pXrF. Combining model outcomes of vis-NIr or MIr with pXrF resulted in a positive improvement, increasing the number of soil properties that could be predicted from 15 to 25. Most notably is the large number of trace elements (As, Cd, Co, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, and Zn) predicted to good or reasonable accuracy. It was concluded that the synergistic use of vis-NIr, MIr, and pXrF spectral methods is well placed as a tool to permit large scale routine soil monitoring.Abbreviations: ICP, inductively coupled plasma; IQ, interquartile range; MIR, midinfrared; NSDB, Irish National Soil Database; pXRF, portable X-ray fluorescence; RPIQ, ratio of performance to inter quartile distance; SOC, soil organic carbon; vis-Nir, visiblenear infrared.T he strategy for protection of soils in Europe (European Commission, 2006a) recognizes a number of degradation processes or 'threats' to important soil functions. Among these is soil contamination arising from the introduction of substances on/in the soil that hamper soil functions, or present risks to human health or the environment. Proposed legislation for the protection of soils in Europe outlines a plan for member states to identify contaminated sites and introduce a program of remediation (European Commission, 2006b). A lack of legislation for soil protection in Europe (aside from the Directive on the management of waste from extractive industries [European Commission, 2006c]) makes regulation of contaminated sites difficult ( Jones et al., 2012). In the 39 countries of the European Environment Agency, the total number of contaminated soil sites in 2011 was estimated to be 2.5 million. The key sources of soil contamination arose from waste disposal and treatment, industrial, and commercial activities (e.g., mining, oil extraction, and power plants), storage (e.g., oil, oil extraction, and obsolete chemicals), transport spills on land (e.g., oil and other hazardou...

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“…Firstly, energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF), which is a proven tool for determining bulk elemental concentrations in soil samples, 16,17 was used to obtain the absolute mass fractions of the elements in the MSWcontaminated samples and also the control soil sample. The 109 Cd-Si(Li) EDXRF setup detects elements with characteristic X-rays in the range 3-20 keV, viz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nondestructive Characterization of Municipal-Solid-Waste-Contaminated Surface Soil by Energy-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence and Low-Z (Atomic Number) Particle Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis

Gupta

Ghosh

Mitra

et al. 2011

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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The long-term environmental impact of municipal solid waste (MSW) landfilling is still under investigation due to the lack of detailed characterization studies. A MSW landfill site, popularly known as Dhapa, in the eastern fringe of the metropolis of Kolkata, India, is the subject of present study. A vast area of Dhapa, adjoining the current core MSW dump site and evolving from the raw MSW dumping in the past, is presently used for the cultivation of vegetables. The inorganic chemical characteristics of the MSWcontaminated Dhapa surface soil (covering a 2-km stretch of the area) along with a natural composite (geogenic) soil sample (from a small countryside farm), for comparison, were investigated using two complementary nondestructive analytical techniques, energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) for bulk analysis and low-Z (atomic number) particle electron probe X-ray microanalysis (low-Z particle EPMA) for single-particle analysis. The bulk concentrations of K, Rb, and Zr remain almost unchanged in all the soil samples. The Dhapa soil is found to be polluted with heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, and Pb (highly elevated) and Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, and Sr (moderately elevated), compared to the natural countryside soil. These high bulk concentration levels of heavy metals were compared with the Ecological Soil Screening Levels for these elements (U.S. Environment Protection Agency) to assess the potential risk on the immediate biotic environment. Low-Z particle EPMA results showed that the aluminosilicatecontaining particles were the most abundant, followed by SiO 2 , CaCO 3 -containing, and carbonaceous particles in the Dhapa samples, whereas in the countryside sample only aluminosilicate-containing and SiO 2 particles were observed. The mineral particles encountered in the countryside sample are solely of geogenic origin, whereas those from the Dhapa samples seem to have evolved from a mixture of raw dumped MSW, urban dust, and other contributing factors such as wind, precipitation, weather patterns, farming, and water logging, resulting in their diverse chemical compositions and the abundant observation of carbonaceous species. Particles containing C and P were more abundant in the Dhapa samples than in the countryside soil sample, suggesting that MSW-contaminated soils are more fertile. However, the levels of particles containing potentially toxic heavy metals such as Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, and/or Pb in the Dhapa samples were significant, corroborated by their high bulk concentration levels (EDXRF), causing deep concern for the immediate environment and contamination of the food chain through food crops. INTRODUCTIONMunicipal solid waste (MSW) management has been slowly but systematically evolving into an integrated solid waste management (ISWM) system over the past few decades. For the urban and the suburban municipal authorities, this integrated management system includes (i) segregation and collection of municipal waste at source; (ii) further reduction in volume by incineration of the high-calorie par...

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Energy-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Methods for Environmental Characterization of Soils

Cited by 36 publications

References 4 publications

Calibration and Evaluation of an X-Ray Fluorescence Method for the Determination of Lead and Arsenic in Soils

Calibration and Evaluation of an X-Ray Fluorescence Method for the Determination of Lead and Arsenic in Soils

Synergistic Use of Vis‐NIR, MIR, and XRF Spectroscopy for the Determination of Soil Geochemistry

Nondestructive Characterization of Municipal-Solid-Waste-Contaminated Surface Soil by Energy-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence and Low-Z (Atomic Number) Particle Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis

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