Energy-dependent uptake of 4-chlorobenzoate in the coryneform bacterium NTB-1

Groenewegen, P.E.J.; Driessen, Arnold J.M.; Konings, Wil N.; Bont, J.A.M. de

doi:10.1128/jb.172.1.419-423.1990

Cited by 56 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…When cells were grown on fructose, no uptake of the compound occurred, even after 3.5 min, suggesting that simple diffusion does not account for the measured uptake rate, but rather, an inducible transport system is responsible for taking up 3-CB into the cells. The rate of uptake measured for this transport system is similar to uptake rates measured for haloaromatic acid transporter systems where energy-dependent transport has been proposed: 4.9 nmol compound min 21 (mg protein) 21 for 2-chlorobenzoate in Pseudomonas huttiensis D1 (Yuroff et al, 2003), 2.2 for 2,4-dichlorobenzoate in Alcaligenes denitrificans BRI 6011 (Miguez et al, 1995) and 2.0 for 4-CB in the coryneform bacterium NTB-1 (Groenewegen et al, 1990). Uptake rates were measured for different initial 3-[ 14 C]CB concentrations, from 1 mM up to 200 mM (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 53%

“…Energy-dependent transport of chlorinated aromatics has been demonstrated in a few cases (Groenewegen et al, 1990;Leveau et al, 1998;Yuroff et al, 2003;Zipper et al, 1998). Among these, a transporter gene has been characterized only for 2,4-D (Leveau et al, 1998).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…strain DJ-12 (Chae & Zylstra, 2006). Evidence supporting the involvement of ABC-type transporters in uptake of chloroaromatics has been found for 2-chlorobenzoate, dichlorprop and 4-CB (Groenewegen et al, 1990;Yuroff et al, 2003;Zipper et al, 1998). Cupriavidus necator JMP134(pJP4) ex Ralstonia eutropha (Vandamme & Coenye, 2004) is a soil bacterium widely used as a model for the study of degradation of aromatic and chloroaromatic compounds (its complete genomic sequence is available at http://genomeportal.jgi-psf.org/raleu/raleu.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…So far, chlorinated aromatic compounds for which energy-dependent transport has been demonstrated are only 4-chlorobenzoate (4-CB) (Groenewegen et al, 1990), dichlorprop (Zipper et al, 1998), 2-chlorobenzoate (Yuroff et al, 2003) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-D) (Leveau et al, 1998). Among these, the only known transport proteins specialized in the uptake of chloroaromatic compounds are the TfdK permease for 2,4-D (Leveau et al, 1998), and a TRAP (tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic) system transporter for 4-CB, encoded by the fcbT1T2T3 genes in Comamonas sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3-Chlorobenzoate is taken up by a chromosomally encoded transport system in Cupriavidus necator JMP134

2009

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Cupriavidus necator JMP134(pJP4) is able to grow on 3-chlorobenzoate (3-CB), a model chloroaromatic pollutant. Catabolism of 3-CB is achieved via the expression of the chromosomally encoded benABCD genes and the tfd genes from plasmid pJP4. Since passive diffusion of benzoic acid derivatives at physiological pH is negligible, the uptake of this compound should be facilitated by a transport system. However, no transporter has so far been described to perform this function, and identification of chloroaromatic compound transporters has been limited. In this work, uptake experiments using 3-[ring-UL-14C]CB showed an inducible transport system in strain JMP134, whose expression is activated by 3-CB and benzoate. A similar level of 3-CB uptake was found for a mutant strain of JMP134, defective in chlorobenzoate degradation, indicating that metabolic drag is not an important component of the measured uptake rate. Competitive inhibitor assays showed that uptake of 3-CB was inhibited by benzoate and, to a lesser degree, by 3-CB and 3,5-dichlorobenzoate, but not by any of 12 other substituted benzoates tested. The expression of several gene candidates for this transport function was analysed by RT-PCR, including both permease-type and ABC-type ATP-dependent transporters. Induction of a chromosomally encoded putative permease transporter (benP gene) was found specifically in the presence of 3-CB or benzoate. A benP knockout mutant of strain JMP134 displayed an almost complete loss of 3-CB transport activity. This is to our knowledge the first report of a 3-CB transporter.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3-Chlorobenzoate is taken up by a chromosomally encoded transport system in Cupriavidus necator JMP134

2009

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“…However, little is known about the transporter for 4-chlorobenzoate (4CBA), which is a metabolite in the microbial breakdown of certain chloroaromatic pollutants. Active transport of 4CBA has been suggested in the coryneform bacterium NTB-1 (11) and Arthrobacter sp. strain SB8 (31), and genes encoding putative transporters localized along with a 4CBA degradative gene cluster were found in Arthrobacter sp.…”

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confidence: 99%

4-Chlorobenzoate Uptake in Comamonas sp. Strain DJ-12 Is Mediated by a Tripartite ATP-Independent Periplasmic Transporter

Chae

Zylstra

2006

J Bacteriol

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The fcb gene cluster involved in the hydrolytic dehalogenation of 4-chlorobenzoate is organized in the order fcbB-fcbA-fcbT1-fcbT2-fcbT3-fcbC in Comamonas sp. strain DJ-12. The genes are operonic and inducible with 4-chloro-, 4-iodo-, and 4-bromobenzoate. The fcbT1, fcbT2, and fcbT3 genes encode a transporter in the secondary TRAP (tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic) family. An fcbT1T2T3 knockout mutant shows a much slower growth rate on 4-chlorobenzoate compared to the wild type. 4-Chlorobenzoate is transported into the wild-type strain five times faster than into the fcbT1T2T3 knockout mutant. Transport of 4-chlorobenzoate shows significant inhibition by 4-bromo-, 4-iodo-, and 4-fluorobenzoate and mild inhibition by 3-chlorobenzoate, 2-chlorobenzoate, 4-hydroxybenzoate, 3-hydroxybenzoate, and benzoate. Uptake of 4-chlorobenzoate is significantly inhibited by ionophores which collapse the proton motive force.Bacterial transport systems have traditionally been divided into four general classes based on energy coupling mechanisms, primary sequence, and mode of transport (7,16,25,28). Primary and secondary transporters facilitate solute transport into the cell coupled with a source of energy (i.e., a chemical reaction, light absorption, or electron flow) or an ion electrochemical gradient, respectively (28). Third, group translocators modify their substrates during transport such as phosphorylation. The fourth group are channel-type proteins allowing energy-independent diffusion of the substrate. The first two families of solute transport systems occupy the majority among the known and predicted transporters encoded by microbial genomes (23).Extracytoplasmic solute receptor-dependent uptake systems have been known as primary transporters for quite some time, which consist of a periplasmic binding protein, integral membrane proteins, and ABC (ATP-binding cassette) proteins (13,16). This kind of system was once considered to be strictly limited to this ABC transporter family, with ATP hydrolysis as the mechanism of energy coupling, until the discovery of a new type of transporter designated TRAP (tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic) transporters (9,14,16,25). This transporter was first delineated in the Dct system of Rhodobacter capsulatus as a type of secondary transporter which drives C 4 -dicarboxylate accumulation by an ion electrochemical gradient instead of ATP hydrolysis (9). From the available genome sequences, similar and hitherto-unrecognized TRAP transport systems are found to be widespread in bacteria and archea, but not eukaryotes (16).Uptake of aromatic compounds is a prerequisite for metabolic degradation in microorganisms and can occur via passive diffusion of neutral compounds or active transport for charged compounds (6, 12). Several transporters are known to facilitate the movement of aromatic compounds across the membrane: BenK for benzoate (6), OphD for phthalate (5), PcaK for 4-hydroxybenzoate and protocatechuate (22), TfdK for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (18), StyE for styrene (21), and ...

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Utilization of 1,3,5‐trihydroxybenzene (phloroglucinol) by a soil isolate, Rhodococcus species BPG‐8

Armstrong

Patel

1992

J. Basic Microbiol.

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A Gram-positive bacterial strain was isolated from oil rich soil in Newfoundland and found to utilize various di- and trihydroxylated aromatic compounds as a source of carbon and energy. This bacterium exhibited rod/coccus dimorphism during its growth cycle. Chemical analysis of cell wall composition (amino acids, sugars, and fatty acids) was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry and high pressure liquid chromatography. Comparison of both acid production and growth substrates showed complete homology with Rhodococcus erythropolis. Growth of the isolate on phloroglucinol (1,3,5 trihydroxybenzene) occurred in the pH range 5-8; with a substrate and temperature optima of 8.0 mM and 25 degrees C. The oxidation of PG was examined using whole cells as well as crude cell extracts. PG oxidation was shown to be due to an inducible enzyme system. Tentatively the isolate was identified as Rhodococcus species BPG-8 which is able to utilize phloroglucinol as the sole source of carbon and energy.

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Energy-dependent uptake of 4-chlorobenzoate in the coryneform bacterium NTB-1

Cited by 56 publications

References 21 publications

3-Chlorobenzoate is taken up by a chromosomally encoded transport system in Cupriavidus necator JMP134

3-Chlorobenzoate is taken up by a chromosomally encoded transport system in Cupriavidus necator JMP134

4-Chlorobenzoate Uptake in Comamonas sp. Strain DJ-12 Is Mediated by a Tripartite ATP-Independent Periplasmic Transporter

Utilization of 1,3,5‐trihydroxybenzene (phloroglucinol) by a soil isolate, Rhodococcus species BPG‐8

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