Energy density and storage capacity cost comparison of conceptual solid and liquid sorption seasonal heat storage systems for low-temperature space heating

Hydrates of magnesium chloride are interesting as a thermochemical energy storage material. An open storage system was set-up, which enables the reaction of water vapor with the salt hydrate at a given relative humidity. It is demonstrated that hydrates of magnesium chloride are only suited if the relative humidity is below 30 %. Otherwise the hygroscopic salt will cause the formation of an aqueous, liquid phase. This liquid inhibits mass transport and leads to the agglomeration of particles. As a consequence of the low partial pressure of the water, the reaction is very slow. Therefore, rather low effective energy densities of around 300 kJ kg À 1 were measured. A way to enable higher humidities is to use a solid support like zeolite 13X. However, the adsorption of water vapor on the zeolite, without magnesium chloride, reached higher energy densities even at low relative humidity. Thus, it must be concluded that hydration of magnesium chloride for thermochemical energy storage cannot be recommended for most technical applications.[a] T.

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“…One advantage of the magnesium chloride system is the cost efficiency. Scapino et al . stated that one ton of magnesium chloride costs 154 €.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study of MgCl₂ ⋅ 6 H₂O as Thermochemical Energy Storage Material

2018

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“…The practical applications of different long-term/seasonal sorption heat storage systems have been widely discussed and analyzed [30,31]. The most researches are focused on the system energy density, economic considerations, reactor design, and so on.…”

Section: Further Discussion On the Potential Application And Existingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation on a dual-mode thermochemical sorption energy storage system

Yan

et al. 2017

Energy

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A dual-mode seasonal solar thermochemical sorption energy storage system using working pair of expanded graphite/SrCl2-NH3 was constructed and investigated. Solar thermal energy is transformed into chemical bonds in summer, and the stored energy is released in the form of chemical reaction heat in winter. Two working modes are performed to produce heat with expected temperature according to the different ambient temperatures in winter. The direct heating supply mode is adopted at a relatively high ambient temperature. The effective energy storage density is higher than 700kJ/kg and the corresponding system COP is 0.41 when the heat output temperature and ambient Experimental results showed the advanced dual-mode thermochemical sorption energy storage technology is feasible and effective for seasonal solar thermal energy storage.

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“…The principle advantages of the thermochemical way of energy storage over sensible and latent ones are the high energy storage density and the absence of thermal losses [12]. However, the beginner level of the technological maturity results in the high seasonal storage capacity cost of 0.6 to 1.4 €/kWh for the building sector [13,14], where the biggest rate of capital investments goes to the solid material [15,16]. Nevertheless, there is a steady technological advancement in the design of large or pilot scale solid sorption seasonal systems over laboratory prototypes, comparing the period from 2009 [17] to 2017 [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The assessment of thermochemical reactor prototypes and components can be found in [11,25]. Scapino et al [14] showed that although the energy storage density does not differ too much between open and closed sorption fixed-bed reactors, the storage capacity costs (€/kWh) are lower for open sorption technology. However, this technology is only reserved for use with moist air.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Solar Thermochemical Solid/Gas Energy Storage Process for Domestic Thermal Applications: Analysis of Global Performance

et al. 2019

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Thermal energy used below 100 °C for space heating/cooling and hot water preparation is responsible for a big amount of greenhouse gas emissions in the residential sector. The conjecture of thermal solar and thermochemical solid/gas energy storage processes renders the heat generation to become ecologically clean technology. However, until present, few pilot scale installations were developed and tested. The present work is devoted to the experimental study of global performance of a pilot scale thermochemical energy storage prototype. Two working modes, namely fixed packed bed and moving bed, were tested using 2.2 kg and 5.5 kg of composite material (silica gel impregnated with calcium chloride) under indoor atmospheric conditions. The global experimental efficiency of a 49l water tank charging process during 75 min was found as high as 0.8–0.85. The energy storage density reached in the fixed bed mode by the material was 158 kWh/m3, while in the moving bed mode it was 2.5 times lower. The reasons for such a difference are discussed in depth in the text.

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Energy density and storage capacity cost comparison of conceptual solid and liquid sorption seasonal heat storage systems for low-temperature space heating

Cited by 81 publications

References 39 publications

Experimental Study of MgCl₂ ⋅ 6 H₂O as Thermochemical Energy Storage Material

Experimental Study of MgCl₂ ⋅ 6 H₂O as Thermochemical Energy Storage Material

Experimental investigation on a dual-mode thermochemical sorption energy storage system

Combined Solar Thermochemical Solid/Gas Energy Storage Process for Domestic Thermal Applications: Analysis of Global Performance

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Energy density and storage capacity cost comparison of conceptual solid and liquid sorption seasonal heat storage systems for low-temperature space heating

Cited by 81 publications

References 39 publications

Experimental Study of MgCl2 ⋅ 6 H2O as Thermochemical Energy Storage Material

Experimental Study of MgCl2 ⋅ 6 H2O as Thermochemical Energy Storage Material

Experimental investigation on a dual-mode thermochemical sorption energy storage system

Combined Solar Thermochemical Solid/Gas Energy Storage Process for Domestic Thermal Applications: Analysis of Global Performance

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Experimental Study of MgCl₂ ⋅ 6 H₂O as Thermochemical Energy Storage Material

Experimental Study of MgCl₂ ⋅ 6 H₂O as Thermochemical Energy Storage Material