Energy coupling in secondary active transport

West, Ian

doi:10.1016/0005-2736(80)90586-6

Cited by 88 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 175 publications

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“…By this means the organism can utilize some of the metabolic energy, derived from glycolysis, that otherwise would be lost. The A~H+ is consumed by a number of protonlinked systems, including various nutrient and ion transport systems [reviewed in 9,10,[26][27][28]. Aerobic heterotrophs utilize the A/2H+ generated by respiration-driven H + efflux to drive nutrient transport, as well as ATP synthesis by the H +-ATPase [reviewed in 6,27,29].…”

Section: Bioenergeticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioenergetics of lactic acid bacteria: cytoplasmic pH and osmotolerance

Kashket¹

1987

FEMS Microbiology Letters

349

209

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Lactic acid bacteria maintain a cytoplasm that is more alkaline than the medium, but whose pH decreases as the medium is acidified during growth and fermentation. Streptococci generally acidify the cytoplasm from approximately pH 7.6 to 5.7 (external pH 4.5) before growth and then fermentation cease. The internal enzyme machinery of these anaerobic fermenters thus tolerates a fairly wide range in internal proton concentration. Lactobacilli tolerate a significantly more acidic cytoplasmic pH of 4.4 (external pH 3.5). However, when the cytoplasmic pH decreases below a threshold pH, which depends on the organism cellular functions are inhibited. Fermentation end‐products, such as organic acids or alcohols, exert their deleterious effects by bringing about acidification of the cytoplasm below the permissible pH. Organic acids, which act as protonophores, or solvents, which perturb membrane phospholipids, at high concentrations increase the inward leak of H+ so that H+ efflux is not rapid enough to alkalinize the cytoplasm. The membrane pH gradient is thus dissipated. A specific strain of Lactobacillus acidophilus has been found to be unusually osmotolerant. The osmoresistance is due to the cells' capacity to accumulate glycine betaine by a transport carrier that is activated, but not induced, by high medium osmotic pressure.

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Section: Bioenergeticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioenergetics of lactic acid bacteria: cytoplasmic pH and osmotolerance

Kashket¹

1987

FEMS Microbiology Letters

349

209

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“…Over the past few years a number of review articles dealing in whole or in part with this type of transport have been published (Mitchell, 1973(Mitchell, , 1979Kotyk & Janacek, 1975;Crane, 1977;Hopfer, 1977Hopfer, , 1978Sacktor, 1977;Schultz, 1977;Eddy, 1978;Heinz, 1978;Oxender & Fox, 1978;Poole, 1978;Rosen & Kashket, 1978;Silhavy, Ferenci & Boos, 1978;Lanyi, 1979;Silverman & Turner, 1979;Ullrich, 1979;Gunn, 1980;Kabach, 1980;Lever, 1980;Murer & Kinne, 1980;West, 1980;Aronson, 1981;Borst-Pauwels, 1981;Freel & Goldner, 1981 ;Geck & Heinz, 1981 ;Njus, Knoth & Zablakian, 1981;Kanner, 1983). In the present topical review I would like to discuss several aspects of the study of such transport mechanisms which have not been extensively treated in these earlier publications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Quantitative studies of cotransport systems: Models and vesicles

1983

J. Membrain Biol.

107

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“…For some time now, evidence has accumulated concerning sodium dependence of aspartate transport in the brain, and it appears that the electrochemical potential created by a Na+-gradient serves as the direct driving force for the process (Schultz and Curran, 1970; Bennet e t a]., 1973; Takagaki, 1978;West, 1980). The existence of two processes of uptake, with high and low affinities for aspartate, has been postulated ; Bennet et al, 1973;Balcar and Johnston, 1973; Sershen and Lajtha, 1979).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the past few years, the preparations of membrane vesicles obtained from various mammalian cells (Sacktor, 1977; Garcia e t al., 1980a,b; Gimenez-Gallego et a]. , 1980) and specifically from rat brain (Kanner, 1978;Kanner and Sharon, 1978;1980;Roskoski, 1981) have been demonstrated to be extremely useful in the study of amino acid A hbreviations used: CCCP, Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone; A", Membrane potential across the plasma membrane. transport mechanisms, allowing the use of a welldefined ion environment and energy sources and avoiding metabolic and compartmentation interferences.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

L‐Aspartate Transport into Plasma Membrane Vesicles Derived from Rat Brain Synaptosomes

Marvizón¹,

Mayor²,

Aragón³

et al. 1981

Journal of Neurochemistry

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Aspartate uptake by membrane vesicles derived from rat brain was investigated. The uptake is dependent on a Na+ gradient ([Na+] outside > [Na+] inside). Active transport of aspartate is strictly dependent upon the presence of sodium and maximal extent of transport is reached when both Na+ and Cl− ions are present. The uptake is transport into an osmotically active space and not a binding artifact as indicated by the effect of increasing the medium osmolarity. The uptake of aspartate is stimulated by a membrane potential (negative inside), as demonstrated by the effect of the ionophore carbonyl cyanide m‐chlorophenylhydrazone and anions with different permeabilities. The presence of ouabain, an inhibitor of (Na++ K+)‐ATPase, does not affect aspartate transport. The kinetic analysis shows that aspartate is accumulated by two systems with different affinities, showing Km and Vmax values of similar order to those found in slightly “cruder“ preparations. Inhibition of the l‐aspartate uptake by d‐aspartate and d‐ and l‐glutamate indicates that a common carrier is involved in the process, this being stereospecific for the d‐ and l‐glutamate stereoisomers.

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Energy coupling in secondary active transport

Cited by 88 publications

References 175 publications

Bioenergetics of lactic acid bacteria: cytoplasmic pH and osmotolerance

Bioenergetics of lactic acid bacteria: cytoplasmic pH and osmotolerance

Quantitative studies of cotransport systems: Models and vesicles

L‐Aspartate Transport into Plasma Membrane Vesicles Derived from Rat Brain Synaptosomes

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