Energy consumption of paraplegics gait using five different walking orthoses

Hirokawa, Shunji; Grimm, Matthew; Le, Tima; Solomonow, Moshe; Baratta, R.; Shoji, Hiroshi; D’Ambrosia, Robert

doi:10.1109/iembs.1989.96062

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Bernardi et al [8] estimated the efficiency periods weakens them gradually both mentally as of RGO locomotion as the ratio between mechanical well as physiologically. Since the various benefits that work required to move the patient-orthosis system stance posture or bipedal locomotion brings have and energy expenditure for ten SCI patients, and et al [9] also reported that the large metabolic energy researchers reported the effect of FES on the reduction of the effort in walking [16][17][18][19]. cost was considered to be the main reason for the There is also a long history of the development of frequent abandonment or low utilization of the powered gait orthoses using the assistance of external ARGO orthosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A two-degree-of-freedom motor-powered gait orthosis for spinal cord injury patients

Ohta

Yano

Suzuki

et al. 2007

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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A number of orthoses have been developed to restore stance and walking in paraplegic subjects. Compliance, however, has been limited, mainly owing to walking effort. Use of the forces produced by actuators is an effective way to solve the problem of the considerable effort required for orthotic gait, namely high muscular effort and high energy expenditure. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of assistance by external actuators on the orthotic gait of spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. Two kinds of linear actuator were developed by using direct current (d.c.) motors for assisting the knee and hip joint of a gait orthosis. They were mounted on the knee and hip joint of a commercial advanced reciprocating gait orthosis (ARGO), and a new two-degree-of-freedom externally powered gait orthosis was thus developed. The orthosis was assessed through inter-subject experiments on five male adult complete SCI patients. Owing to the short training period available for the assisted gait, simultaneous operation of both joint actuators was not conducted: either the knee actuation or the hip actuation was executed only. Thus, the knee actuator and the hip actuator were assessed with a T12 subject and with subjects for T5, T8, T11, and T12 respectively. The motions of the gaits, assisted by the linear actuators, were measured by a Vicon 370 system, and the general gait parameters and compensatory motions were evaluated. Results demonstrated that (a) all subjects could walk without falling, assisted either by the knee or the hip actuator; (b) both the knee and hip joint actuator increased the gait speed and the step length; (c) the knee flexion produced by the orthosis improved the dynamic cosmesis of walking; and (d) lateral compensatory motions as well as vertical ones tended to decrease when the hip joint was assisted, which could contribute to a reduction in walking effort.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A two-degree-of-freedom motor-powered gait orthosis for spinal cord injury patients

Ohta

Yano

Suzuki

et al. 2007

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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“…Devido às a idade e as condições musculoesqueléticas dos paraplégicos serem restringidas a estabilidade, mobilidade e força Muscular, há uma necessidade de sustentação para a reabilitação desses pacientes especialmente durante a fase de apoio da marcha (YELTEKIN, A.;CORBIN, M, 1992) Vários tipos de órteses estão disponíveis para permitir aos paraplégicos a deambulação em uma posição vertical incluindo boa postura, tais como o "Long Leg Brace (LLB), o Reciprocating Gait Orthosis (RGO), o Hip Guidance Orthosis (Hgo)", bem como a locomoção com estimulação elétrica muscular por si só. A avaliação da eficácia e da utilidade dos diversos sistemas ortóticos é necessária para ajudar o ortopedista com orientações para o tratamento e prescrição da categoria de órteses melhor para cada paciente (HIROKAWA et al, 1989 transferindo o momento gerado pela extensão do quadril e pela força gerada no balanceio do membro contralateral, para auxiliar a flexão de quadril (CURTIS, et al 2005). É comum a prescrição de muletas para auxiliar no equilíbrio e transferência de carga para paciente sem autoequilibrio.…”

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Projeto e desenvolvimento de um auxiliar deambulatório autotransferente para crianças com paralisia cerebral

Botega¹

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DEDICATÓRIA Dedico este trabalho aos meus pais Antonio RESUMOAs progressivas inovações tecnológicas na área de Engenharia Mecânica contribuem para a adoção de novos procedimentos terapêuticos para programas de reabilitação. Este trabalho trata do projeto e desenvolvimento de um auxiliar deambulatório para ser utilizado como uma forma de dar continuidade à reabilitação clínica de pessoas com dificuldade ou incapacidade na marcha independente. Nesse sentido, procurou-se desenvolver um deambulador incorporando novas abordagens ao seu projeto mecânico básico, tais como novos materiais, fabricação e conformação da estrutura mecânica, bem como possíveis controles de mobilidade articulares. Nesse contexto, a relação peso-volume foi cuidadosamente explorada de forma a tornar um auxiliar eficiente na marcha de crianças e adultos com paralisia cerebral. Os deambuladores convencionais hodiernos são fundamentalmente caracterizados pelo nível de segurança proporcionada aos usuários em movimento, todavia não oferecem condições para o treino do autoequilíbrio, o que os torna dependentes de ferramentas de auxílio para a realização correta da marcha.Portanto, é importante desenvolver um deambulador autotransferente que satisfaça as restrições de projeto, com volume e peso mínimos, e que seja essencial para a ABSTRACTThe progressive technological innovations in mechanical engineering contribute to the adoption of new therapeutic procedures for rehabilitation programs.This work addresses the design and development of an ambulatory aid to be used as a way to continue the clinic rehabilitation for people with difficulty or inability in walking independently. Accordingly, we sought to develop a deambulador incorporating new approaches to its basic mechanical design, such as new materials, manufacturing and conformation of the mechanical structure and possible controls of joint mobility. In this context, the volume-weight ratio has been carefully explored in order to make an assist in the efficient running of children and adults with cerebral palsy. The conventional modern-day ambulatory are fundamentally characterized by the level of security provided to users on the move, but do not offer conditions for the auto balance training, which makes them dependent on aid tools to achieve the correct gait. It is therefore important to develop an autotransfer deambulator satisfying the design constraints, with minimum volume and weight, and with the essential characteristic for the rehabilitation of patients with cerebral palsy, without making them dependent on the absence of auto balance. This apparatus that promotes autotransfer and training of auto balance for the user whether adult or child. In this project the deambulador was named Assistant Deambulator Autotransfer (Auxiliary Ambulation Autotransfer) -ADA due to the interplay of movement, which transfers the torque of the lower trunk muscles for the mobilization of the lower limbs.Thus, the ADA may provide situations in which the synaesthetic auto balance the patient will be encouraged...

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