Children with cerebral palsy have problems with the development of normal gait, as a result of the reduced motor control and the impaired muscle synergism of the lower limbs. Standard walking aids do not provide proper trunk stability for this group of children. In a relatively small sample of children with cerebral palsy, a walking aid with axillary support was shown to be beneficial for the muscular synergism of the lower limbs during gait.
Progressive technological innovations in the area of mechanical design, contribute to the adoption of new surgical procedures related to orthopedics. This work addresses the design development and manufacture of machining devices and surgical instruments to be used in resurfacing surgeries of the femoral head in humans and animals, seeking to improve this procedure in regards to a new technology related to bone structure for machining and drilling aligned with the femoral head. In this context, the relation time c accuracy was very well explored, in order to assist with efficiency surgeons and patients requiring surgery that reduces the interference on the skill of the surgeon on the surgery outcome. The simultaneous development of the multilaminar-mill, designed to machine the femoral head matching the internal geometry of the resurfacing prosthesis is an important tool for reducing the surgery time, as the tool changes during surgery as shown this thesis. The surgical instrument responsible for the proper operation of these machining devices is a customized guide drill mark capable of aligning the drill and the mill during drilling and milling of the femoral head, according to the angle of the femoral neck of each patient. This work deals with the design, development and manufacturing of a machining device prototype and surgical instruments to promote the centralized machining following the angle of the femur neck the reduction of surgery time and the innovate arthroplasty surgery in humans animals.The products developed in this work are named as "sequential multilaminar mill", " drilling centering mask" and "prosthesis and instrumental for dogs", for hip resurfacing arthroplasty.With the developments, it is expected to reduce the surgical time, as well increasing safety, allowing greater success in these procedures.
DEDICATÓRIA Dedico este trabalho aos meus pais Antonio RESUMOAs progressivas inovações tecnológicas na área de Engenharia Mecânica contribuem para a adoção de novos procedimentos terapêuticos para programas de reabilitação. Este trabalho trata do projeto e desenvolvimento de um auxiliar deambulatório para ser utilizado como uma forma de dar continuidade à reabilitação clínica de pessoas com dificuldade ou incapacidade na marcha independente. Nesse sentido, procurou-se desenvolver um deambulador incorporando novas abordagens ao seu projeto mecânico básico, tais como novos materiais, fabricação e conformação da estrutura mecânica, bem como possíveis controles de mobilidade articulares. Nesse contexto, a relação peso-volume foi cuidadosamente explorada de forma a tornar um auxiliar eficiente na marcha de crianças e adultos com paralisia cerebral. Os deambuladores convencionais hodiernos são fundamentalmente caracterizados pelo nível de segurança proporcionada aos usuários em movimento, todavia não oferecem condições para o treino do autoequilíbrio, o que os torna dependentes de ferramentas de auxílio para a realização correta da marcha.Portanto, é importante desenvolver um deambulador autotransferente que satisfaça as restrições de projeto, com volume e peso mínimos, e que seja essencial para a ABSTRACTThe progressive technological innovations in mechanical engineering contribute to the adoption of new therapeutic procedures for rehabilitation programs.This work addresses the design and development of an ambulatory aid to be used as a way to continue the clinic rehabilitation for people with difficulty or inability in walking independently. Accordingly, we sought to develop a deambulador incorporating new approaches to its basic mechanical design, such as new materials, manufacturing and conformation of the mechanical structure and possible controls of joint mobility. In this context, the volume-weight ratio has been carefully explored in order to make an assist in the efficient running of children and adults with cerebral palsy. The conventional modern-day ambulatory are fundamentally characterized by the level of security provided to users on the move, but do not offer conditions for the auto balance training, which makes them dependent on aid tools to achieve the correct gait. It is therefore important to develop an autotransfer deambulator satisfying the design constraints, with minimum volume and weight, and with the essential characteristic for the rehabilitation of patients with cerebral palsy, without making them dependent on the absence of auto balance. This apparatus that promotes autotransfer and training of auto balance for the user whether adult or child. In this project the deambulador was named Assistant Deambulator Autotransfer (Auxiliary Ambulation Autotransfer) -ADA due to the interplay of movement, which transfers the torque of the lower trunk muscles for the mobilization of the lower limbs.Thus, the ADA may provide situations in which the synaesthetic auto balance the patient will be encouraged...
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